{"title":"环境持久性自由基很容易在 TiO2 上形成,而在 ZnO 纳米粒子上则不然","authors":"Eric Vejerano, Jeonghyeon Ahn","doi":"10.1039/d4en00500g","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are stable organic radicals and pollutants in atmospheric and soil particles. Knowledge of EPFR formation on pristine, unsupported engineered nanoparticles is limited. This study investigates the potential of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in aiding aromatic precursors in forming EPFRs and is an experimental verification of our earlier prediction on nanoparticles’ potential to form EPFRs. TiO2 formed EPFRs regardless of size, while ZnO exhibited size-dependent behavior. Only smaller ZnO particles readily produced EPFRs. Larger ZnO particles only formed EPFRs when pretreated with ethanol. EPFRs formed on TiO2 and ZnO near room temperature, challenging the belief that relatively high temperatures are needed for EPFRs to form. The yields of EPFRs on pristine TiO2 and ZnO were comparable to those found in atmospheric particulate matter. We identified four types of EPFRs: carbon-centered phenoxyl, oxygen-centered phenoxyl, carbon-centered semiquinone, and oxygen-centered semiquinone radicals. Our study suggests the role of band bending in forming EPFRs on TiO2 and ZnO, in which the adsorption of aromatic precursor acts as an electron acceptor or donor. Our findings suggest that EPFRs may form in unexpected places and conditions where TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles are present.","PeriodicalId":73,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Nano","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Environmentally persistent free radicals readily form on TiO2 but not on ZnO nanoparticles\",\"authors\":\"Eric Vejerano, Jeonghyeon Ahn\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/d4en00500g\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are stable organic radicals and pollutants in atmospheric and soil particles. Knowledge of EPFR formation on pristine, unsupported engineered nanoparticles is limited. This study investigates the potential of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in aiding aromatic precursors in forming EPFRs and is an experimental verification of our earlier prediction on nanoparticles’ potential to form EPFRs. TiO2 formed EPFRs regardless of size, while ZnO exhibited size-dependent behavior. Only smaller ZnO particles readily produced EPFRs. Larger ZnO particles only formed EPFRs when pretreated with ethanol. EPFRs formed on TiO2 and ZnO near room temperature, challenging the belief that relatively high temperatures are needed for EPFRs to form. The yields of EPFRs on pristine TiO2 and ZnO were comparable to those found in atmospheric particulate matter. We identified four types of EPFRs: carbon-centered phenoxyl, oxygen-centered phenoxyl, carbon-centered semiquinone, and oxygen-centered semiquinone radicals. Our study suggests the role of band bending in forming EPFRs on TiO2 and ZnO, in which the adsorption of aromatic precursor acts as an electron acceptor or donor. Our findings suggest that EPFRs may form in unexpected places and conditions where TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles are present.\",\"PeriodicalId\":73,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Environmental Science: Nano\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Environmental Science: Nano\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"6\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00500g\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Science: Nano","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4en00500g","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmentally persistent free radicals readily form on TiO2 but not on ZnO nanoparticles
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are stable organic radicals and pollutants in atmospheric and soil particles. Knowledge of EPFR formation on pristine, unsupported engineered nanoparticles is limited. This study investigates the potential of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in aiding aromatic precursors in forming EPFRs and is an experimental verification of our earlier prediction on nanoparticles’ potential to form EPFRs. TiO2 formed EPFRs regardless of size, while ZnO exhibited size-dependent behavior. Only smaller ZnO particles readily produced EPFRs. Larger ZnO particles only formed EPFRs when pretreated with ethanol. EPFRs formed on TiO2 and ZnO near room temperature, challenging the belief that relatively high temperatures are needed for EPFRs to form. The yields of EPFRs on pristine TiO2 and ZnO were comparable to those found in atmospheric particulate matter. We identified four types of EPFRs: carbon-centered phenoxyl, oxygen-centered phenoxyl, carbon-centered semiquinone, and oxygen-centered semiquinone radicals. Our study suggests the role of band bending in forming EPFRs on TiO2 and ZnO, in which the adsorption of aromatic precursor acts as an electron acceptor or donor. Our findings suggest that EPFRs may form in unexpected places and conditions where TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles are present.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Science: Nano serves as a comprehensive and high-impact peer-reviewed source of information on the design and demonstration of engineered nanomaterials for environment-based applications. It also covers the interactions between engineered, natural, and incidental nanomaterials with biological and environmental systems. This scope includes, but is not limited to, the following topic areas:
Novel nanomaterial-based applications for water, air, soil, food, and energy sustainability
Nanomaterial interactions with biological systems and nanotoxicology
Environmental fate, reactivity, and transformations of nanoscale materials
Nanoscale processes in the environment
Sustainable nanotechnology including rational nanomaterial design, life cycle assessment, risk/benefit analysis