Exploring the potential of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles for reinforced disease management in agricultural systems: A comprehensive review

Metallic nanoparticles are regarded as one of the most versatile and environmentally beneficial nanocompounds, especially in agriculture. The anti-phytopathogenic properties of metallic and metal-based nanoparticles are the principal objective of this study. This article provides an analysis of the protection-based applications of nanoparticles comprising the following elements: silicon, chitosan, gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), and aluminium (Al), in addition to their metallic oxides and carriers. Furthermore, an examination of their manner of manufacturing using biological precursors, commonly referred to as “green synthesis,” and their impact on phytopathogens and parasites has been presented. We concluded that biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles have a diverse array of potential applications as disease control agents due to their superior antioxidant capacities, reduced phytotoxicity, and increased biocompatibility with plant systems in comparison to conventionally synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles improve agricultural processes by increasing efficiency, lowering environmental impact, and addressing phytotoxicity problems. Material scientists and biologists must work together to refine metallic nanoparticles such as zinc, nickel, and copper for effective and environmentally friendly crop protection. Further investigation is warranted to ascertain the extent of these nanoparticles’ impact on commercial applications through concentration measurements and method of action analysis, notwithstanding these advantages. This research aims to bridge the knowledge gaps that exist between studies of various metals and offer a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field.