Effectiveness of the ten- and thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines to prevent serotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease in Quebec, Canada. A Canadian immunization research network (CIRN) study

In the province of Quebec, Canada, a 2 + 1 dose pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) program for children was implemented in 2004. PCV7, PCV10, PCV13 and a mixed PCV10/PCV13 schedule were sequentially used without catch-up. The effectiveness of vaccination schedules to prevent serotype 19A invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in <5-year-old children was estimated by the indirect cohort method during 2009–2023. A total of 248 19A IPD cases and 457 IPD controls were included in the analysis. Adjusted vaccine effectiveness (VEa) for ≥1 dose was 57 % [95 %CI: −1 %,82 %] for PCV10 and 62 % [16 %,83 %] for PCV13. VEa for 3 doses was 69 % [17 %,88 %] for PCV10, 76 % [39 %,90 %] for PCV13 and 86 % [64 %,95 %] for the 2PCV10 + 1PCV13 schedule. Protection provided by the PCV10-only schedule tended to be of lower magnitude compared to the two other schedules. The mixed PCV10 + PCV13 schedule showed a protection against 19A IPD at least comparable to that of 3 PCV-13 doses.