利用 APSIM 优化中国东北地区苜蓿-玉米轮作系统中的玉米氮肥施用水平

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)消耗大量的土壤无机氮(N),但能为后茬作物提供充足的根圈沉积氮。因此,应优化长期紫花苜蓿-玉米(AC)轮作系统下玉米的氮肥施用水平,以实现高产和氮利用效率。本研究评估了长期 AC 轮作系统下玉米施用氮肥的产量和水氮利用效率,并利用农业生产系统模拟器(APSIM)优化了玉米氮肥施用水平。方法 利用 2020 年至 2022 年在中国吉林省梨树县进行的一项为期六年的紫花苜蓿田间试验(该田间试验于 2014 年启动)中收集的四种氮肥处理(0、130、195 和 260 kg N ha-1)下玉米生长期间的产量、地上生物量、植物氮吸收量、土壤蓄水量和 0-140 cm 土层无机氮的试验数据集,对 APSIM 进行了校准和验证。然后,利用经过验证的 APSIM 模拟连作玉米(CC)种植系统和不同紫花苜蓿-玉米轮作系统(1 年、2 年、3 年、4 年和 5 年紫花苜蓿,然后 2 年玉米;1A2C、2A2C、3A2C、4A2C、5A2C)中不同玉米氮肥施用量下作物和土壤的长期(1981-2020 年)特征。结果模型评估表明,APSIM 有效地捕捉到了玉米种植期间作物、土壤水分和土壤无机氮的动态变化。不同处理下的观测值与模拟值之间的归一化均方根误差小于 30%。苜蓿对随后第一年玉米的土壤水分和土壤氮矿化度(Nmin)具有遗产效应,从而确保了苜蓿种植后玉米的产量。与 CC 种植系统相比,紫花苜蓿后种植玉米的第一年土壤中的净 Nmin 增加了 140 %(65 %-268%)。与 CC 种植系统相比,紫花苜蓿种植还使播种前 0-140 厘米土壤中的无机氮含量(Nsow)增加了 351 %(292 %-463 %);与 CC 种植系统相比,播种前 0-140 厘米土壤中的蓄水量(相对较高的氮肥施用量(每公顷 300 千克氮))增加了 22 %。在 1A2C/2A2C/3A2C 轮作系统和 4A2C/5A2C 轮作系统中,分别施用 90 千克/公顷氮肥和 60 千克/公顷氮肥的紫花苜蓿后第一年玉米产量和氮肥利用率最高。结论本研究结果表明,在 1A2C/2A2C/3A2C 轮作制度下,紫花苜蓿后第一年玉米的氮肥施用量为每公顷 60 千克,在 4A2C/5A2C 轮作制度下为每公顷 90 千克。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Using APSIM to optimize corn nitrogen fertilizer application levels in alfalfa-corn rotation system in Northeast China

Context

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) consumes a large amount of soil inorganic nitrogen (N) but can supply ample rhizosphere deposited N to subsequent crops. Therefore, N fertilizer application levels should be optimized for corn under long-term alfalfa-corn (AC) rotation system to achieve high yield and N use efficiency.

Objective

The present study assessed the yield and water and N use efficiency of corn under N fertilizer application in a long-term AC cropping system and optimized the corn N fertilizer application level using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM).

Methods

APSIM was calibrated and validated utilizing the experimental datasets of yield, aboveground biomass, plant N uptake, soil water storage, and inorganic N at 0−140 cm soil layer during corn growth with four N fertilizer treatments (0, 130, 195, and 260 kg N ha−1), which were collected from a six-year-old alfalfa field experiment carried out in Lishu County (Jilin Province, China) from 2020 to 2022; the field experiment was initiated in 2014. The validated APSIM was then utilized to simulate the long-term (1981−2020) characteristics of crop and soil under different corn N fertilizer application levels in a continuous corn (CC) cropping system and different alfalfa-corn rotation systems (one, two, three, four, and five years of alfalfa followed by two years of corn; 1A2C, 2A2C, 3A2C, 4A2C, 5A2C). The simulated N treatments included 0−300 kg N ha−1 range with an increment of 30 kg N ha−1.

Results

Model evaluation revealed that APSIM effectively captured the dynamics of the crop, soil water, and soil inorganic N during corn cultivation following alfalfa at four N fertilizer application levels. The normalized root-mean-square errors between the observed and simulated values under different treatments were less than 30 %. Alfalfa had legacy effects on the soil water and soil N mineralization (Nmin) of subsequent first-year corn, which ensured the corn yield following alfalfa. The first-year net Nmin in the soil with corn following alfalfa increased by 140 % (65 %−268 %) compared to the CC cropping system. Alfalfa planting also increased the 0−140 cm soil inorganic N before sowing (Nsow) by 351 % (292 %−463 %) for the subsequent corn with no N fertilizer application and the 0−140 cm soil water storage before sowing by 22 % for the subsequent corn with relatively high N fertilizer application (300 kg N ha−1) compared to the CC cropping system. The highest yield and N use efficiency could be achieved by applying 90 kg N ha−1 N fertilizer for 1A2C/2A2C/3A2C rotation systems and 60 kg N ha−1 N fertilizer for 4A2C/5A2C rotation systems to the first-year corn following alfalfa. However, the N fertilizer requirement of the second-year corn following alfalfa under AC rotation systems was the same as that under the CC cropping system (150 kg N ha−1).

Conclusions

The present study’s findings indicate 60 kg N ha−1 N fertilizer application to the first-year corn following alfalfa under 1A2C/2A2C/3A2C rotation systems and 90 kg N ha−1 under 4A2C/5A2C rotation systems.

Implications

The study provides a deeper understanding of alfalfa’s effects on subsequent corn and a guidance for planning N fertilizer management in corn production following alfalfa.
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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