Optimizing technological configurations in residential energy systems with vehicle-to-home integration and community-level power sharing

Distributed energy technologies, such as photovoltaic (PV), stationary storage batteries (SBs), and vehicle-to-home (V2H) systems, are expected to be introduced in pursuit of carbon neutrality in the residential and transportation sectors. This study developed the model of a two-tiered energy system to optimize technological configurations and examined the impacts of installed capacities of PV and SBs, along with various vehicle types, on the economic and environmental performance, stability, and efficiency of residential energy systems. The primary contribution of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of energy systems that incorporate bidirectional power supply between vehicles and residences, as well as power sharing among multiple households within a community. The simulation results revealed substantial benefits from the incorporation of V2H systems and SBs, which notably reduced annual energy costs by approximately 30 % and CO₂ emissions by approximately 40 % in scenarios leveraging community electricity sharing, compared to scenarios without such flexibility. This integration significantly enhanced the self-consumption and self-sufficiency rates of residential energy systems by approximately 10 %, illustrating the efficacy of community-level electricity sharing combined with the charging and discharging capabilities of vehicles. This strategy not only optimizes resource use but also reduces dependency on external power supplies, thereby enhancing overall energy efficiency.