注意力缺陷多动障碍与青少年的危险和不健康行为有关

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q1 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.puhe.2024.08.029

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在全球青少年中发病率很高，在以色列尤其如此。本研究旨在评估注意力缺陷多动障碍与青少年参与风险/不健康行为之间的关联。研究设计横断面研究。方法参与 2015-2016 年全国健康调查的学生填写自填问卷，提供人口统计学、医学和行为信息（n = 4616，11-18 岁，50.2% 为男性）。多变量逻辑回归分析评估了多动症与风险/不健康行为之间的关联，包括当前吸烟/抽大麻、饮酒（≥1次/月）、屏幕时间过长（≥4小时/天）、不遵守体育锻炼和睡眠建议（1小时/天和8或9小时/天，视年龄而定）以及不健康的生活方式（参与上述行为≥3次）。结果共有 752 人报告曾被诊断为多动症（其中 287 人接受过兴奋剂治疗），3864 人被纳入非多动症对比组。经社会人口学特征和其他危险/不健康行为调整后，ADHD 与吸烟（几率比 [OR] 2.15；95% 置信区间 [CI]：1.65, 2.80）、饮酒（OR：1.38；95% 置信区间：1.10, 1.73）和过度使用屏幕时间（OR：1.41；95% 置信区间：1.18, 1.70）的高发率明显相关。在多动症组中，不健康的生活方式是常见的两倍（OR 2.03；95% CI：1.64，2.51）。接受过兴奋剂治疗和未接受过兴奋剂治疗的多动症青少年在人口统计或行为特征方面没有差异。应及早发现这些行为并采取预防措施，以限制其在青少年群体中造成的有害后果。需要开展更多大规模的前瞻性研究，以加深对这种关联的理解。

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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with risky and unhealthy behaviours among adolescents

Objectives

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent among adolescents globally, particularly in Israel. This study aimed to evaluate associations between ADHD and engagement in risky/unhealthy behaviours among adolescents.

Study design

Cross-sectional study.

Methods

Students participating in the 2015–2016 National Health Survey completed self-administered questionnaires, providing demographic, medical and behavioural information (n = 4616, 11–18 years old, 50.2% male). Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the associations between ADHD and risky/unhealthy behaviours, including current tobacco/hookah smoking, alcohol consumption (≥1 serving/month), excessive screen time (≥4 h/d), non-compliance with physical activity and sleep recommendations (<1 h/d, and <8 or <9 h/d depending on age, respectively) and unhealthy lifestyle (engagement in ≥3 of these behaviours).

Results

A total of 752 participants reported ever being diagnosed with ADHD (287 of whom were treated with stimulants) and 3864 individuals were included in a non-ADHD comparison group. ADHD was significantly associated with higher prevalence of smoking (odds ratio [OR] 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65, 2.80), alcohol consumption (OR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.73) and excessive screen time [OR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.70), each adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and the other risky/unhealthy behaviours. Unhealthy lifestyle was twice as common in the ADHD group (OR 2.03; 95% CI: 1.64, 2.51). Stimulant-treated and non-treated adolescents with ADHD did not differ in demographic or behavioural characteristics.

Conclusions

ADHD was significantly associated with an unhealthy lifestyle among adolescents. These behaviours should be detected early and prevention measures put in place to limit their harmful consequences in this adolescent population. Additional large-scale prospective research is needed to deepen the understanding of this association.

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来源期刊

Public Health 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

280

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： Public Health is an international, multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal. It publishes original papers, reviews and short reports on all aspects of the science, philosophy, and practice of public health.