Scale of self-perceived listening, empathy, and presence (LEP) abilities in associate degree nursing students for aging care

This cross-sectional study involved 341 fifth-year associate degree nursing students who completed an online questionnaire survey from May 1 to July 31, 2020. Out of these, 196 effective responses were received, with participants' ages ranging from 19 to 29 years. Most were female, the eldest in their families, and had experience living with grandparents. They had also completed long-term care or elderly nursing courses, and had experience in practicing, volunteering, and caring for elders. The average scores for all listening and empathy items were above 4.0. The LEP self-perception abilities scale demonstrated expert content validity with a score of .94 and an internal consistency Cronbach's α of .96. Construct validity was confirmed with factor loadings ranging from .73 to .92, explaining 67.03% of the variance, indicating strong construct validity.