Fifty years marshland changes in a large floodplain lake: Natural driving or human impact?

Study region: Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater floodplain lake in China. Study focus: Marshlands in a floodplain, as the typical natural wetland offering vital habitats for various organisms, are sensitive to environmental changes. The spatiotemporal changes of marshlands were investigated and their driving forces from both natural factors and human activities were discussed. The remote sensing image data from 1973 to 2022 was adopted to explore the long-term changes of marshlands exposed in dry season. New hydrological insights for the region: Over the past fifty years, the total area of marshlands in Poyang Lake is around 2540–2718 km² and has undergone substantial changes. It follows the bell-shaped curve pattern with continuous rise since 1970s and reach the maximum at the end of 20 century and then fluctuating decline. Different evolutionary patterns were identified in different lake regions owing to the combination of human activities and natural processes. The expanding marshlands mainly concentrate in the central lake, while the significant losses of marshlands are observed in the northern lake（By sand mining and dyke constructions）. In the southern lake, sediment input from inflow rivers deposited naturally in the river mouth elevated the lake bed and lead to delta expansion（A 3.1 km expansion has been observed）. The complex geomorphological processes and fishery activities also create the dish-shaped internal sub-lakes in marshlands.