{"title":"聚苯乙烯纳米塑料通过氧化应激和 BMP 通路介导斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的骨骼毒性","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117096","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread presence of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) has generated public concern. Studies have indicated that MNPs can accumulate in mammalian bones; however, research on the skeletal toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of MNPs in aquatic organisms remains limited. We subjected zebrafish embryos to three varying levels (1, 10, 100 μg/mL) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) exposure over a period of 7 days in our research. The results revealed that PSNPs significantly reduced the body length and hatching rate of zebrafish, leading to skeletal deformities. mRNA level analysis showed significant upregulation of <em>sp7</em>, <em>sparc</em>, and <em>smad1</em> genes transcription by PSNPs. Moreover, PSNPs markedly downregulated the mRNA levels associated with <em>runx2a</em>, <em>bmp2a</em>, and <em>bmp4</em>. Further investigations demonstrated that PSNPs dramatically increased ROS levels in zebrafish larvae, with significant downregulation of transcription levels of <em>sod1</em> and <em>cat</em> genes, resulting in a sharp increase in transcription levels of apoptosis-related regulatory genes <em>bcl-2</em> and <em>bax</em>. Furthermore, PSNPs led to a marked rise in Caspase 3 activity in zebrafish larvae, suggesting the initiation of apoptosis. PSNPs also notably inhibited alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Compared to a 4-day exposure, a 7-day exposure to PSNPs intensified abnormalities across multiple indicators. In summary, our research indicates that PSNPs cause significant oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, PSNPs disrupt the transcription of genes related to skeletal development through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, further disrupting skeletal development processes and ultimately resulting in skeletal deformities in zebrafish larvae. This study provides new insights into the skeletal toxicity of MNPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":303,"journal":{"name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324011722/pdfft?md5=ed3a0964935bc0460477abf2a9f14f15&pid=1-s2.0-S0147651324011722-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Polystyrene nanoplastics mediate skeletal toxicity through oxidative stress and the BMP pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio)\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117096\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>The widespread presence of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) has generated public concern. Studies have indicated that MNPs can accumulate in mammalian bones; however, research on the skeletal toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of MNPs in aquatic organisms remains limited. We subjected zebrafish embryos to three varying levels (1, 10, 100 μg/mL) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) exposure over a period of 7 days in our research. The results revealed that PSNPs significantly reduced the body length and hatching rate of zebrafish, leading to skeletal deformities. mRNA level analysis showed significant upregulation of <em>sp7</em>, <em>sparc</em>, and <em>smad1</em> genes transcription by PSNPs. Moreover, PSNPs markedly downregulated the mRNA levels associated with <em>runx2a</em>, <em>bmp2a</em>, and <em>bmp4</em>. Further investigations demonstrated that PSNPs dramatically increased ROS levels in zebrafish larvae, with significant downregulation of transcription levels of <em>sod1</em> and <em>cat</em> genes, resulting in a sharp increase in transcription levels of apoptosis-related regulatory genes <em>bcl-2</em> and <em>bax</em>. Furthermore, PSNPs led to a marked rise in Caspase 3 activity in zebrafish larvae, suggesting the initiation of apoptosis. PSNPs also notably inhibited alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Compared to a 4-day exposure, a 7-day exposure to PSNPs intensified abnormalities across multiple indicators. In summary, our research indicates that PSNPs cause significant oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, PSNPs disrupt the transcription of genes related to skeletal development through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, further disrupting skeletal development processes and ultimately resulting in skeletal deformities in zebrafish larvae. This study provides new insights into the skeletal toxicity of MNPs.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":303,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-23\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324011722/pdfft?md5=ed3a0964935bc0460477abf2a9f14f15&pid=1-s2.0-S0147651324011722-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324011722\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324011722","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Polystyrene nanoplastics mediate skeletal toxicity through oxidative stress and the BMP pathway in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
The widespread presence of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) has generated public concern. Studies have indicated that MNPs can accumulate in mammalian bones; however, research on the skeletal toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of MNPs in aquatic organisms remains limited. We subjected zebrafish embryos to three varying levels (1, 10, 100 μg/mL) of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) exposure over a period of 7 days in our research. The results revealed that PSNPs significantly reduced the body length and hatching rate of zebrafish, leading to skeletal deformities. mRNA level analysis showed significant upregulation of sp7, sparc, and smad1 genes transcription by PSNPs. Moreover, PSNPs markedly downregulated the mRNA levels associated with runx2a, bmp2a, and bmp4. Further investigations demonstrated that PSNPs dramatically increased ROS levels in zebrafish larvae, with significant downregulation of transcription levels of sod1 and cat genes, resulting in a sharp increase in transcription levels of apoptosis-related regulatory genes bcl-2 and bax. Furthermore, PSNPs led to a marked rise in Caspase 3 activity in zebrafish larvae, suggesting the initiation of apoptosis. PSNPs also notably inhibited alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity. Compared to a 4-day exposure, a 7-day exposure to PSNPs intensified abnormalities across multiple indicators. In summary, our research indicates that PSNPs cause significant oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae, resulting in apoptosis. Moreover, PSNPs disrupt the transcription of genes related to skeletal development through the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway, further disrupting skeletal development processes and ultimately resulting in skeletal deformities in zebrafish larvae. This study provides new insights into the skeletal toxicity of MNPs.
期刊介绍:
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety is a multi-disciplinary journal that focuses on understanding the exposure and effects of environmental contamination on organisms including human health. The scope of the journal covers three main themes. The topics within these themes, indicated below, include (but are not limited to) the following: Ecotoxicology、Environmental Chemistry、Environmental Safety etc.