先天性中耳胆脂瘤:3 个病例的报告和文献综述。

Li Xie, Lingling Zeng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:先天性胆脂瘤是指完整鼓膜后的白色肿块,没有中耳炎或耳科手术史。先天性胆脂瘤是一种相对罕见的疾病,约占所有胆脂瘤的 2% 至 5%。不过,先天性胆脂瘤的实际发病率可能被低估了。传导性听力损失是最常见的症状。本研究旨在描述先天性胆脂瘤患者的临床特征和处理方法,提高单侧或不对称传导性听力损失患者对该疾病的认识。方法:本研究报告了我科在 2023 年 6 月至 8 月期间收治的 3 例系列病例,包括 1 名儿童、1 名青少年和 1 名年轻成人,并对文献进行了总结。研究结果先天性胆脂瘤主要是一种儿童疾病,但也有成人患病的报道。2例患者伴有单侧分泌性中耳炎,1例患者伴有非对称性单侧传导性听力损失。两例 Potsic III 期先天性中耳胆脂瘤患者接受了经耳道内窥镜耳科手术,一例 Potsic IV 期患者接受了常规显微镜下耳道壁上乳突切除术联合内窥镜手术。结论对于患有持续性单侧或不对称传导性听力损失的儿童或青少年,应考虑先天性中耳胆脂瘤。单侧分泌性中耳炎患儿不能排除先天性胆脂瘤。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Congenital Middle Ear Cholesteatoma: A Report of 3 Cases and a Literature Review.

Background: Congenital cholesteatoma is defined as a white mass behind an intact eardrum without a history of otitis media or previous otologic procedures. Congenital cholesteatoma is a relatively rare disease that accounts for about 2% to 5% of all cholesteatomas. However, the actual incidence rate of congenital cholesteatoma may be underestimated. Conductive hearing loss is the most common presenting symptom. The current study aims to describe the clinical characteristics and management of patients with congenital cholesteatoma and promote awareness of the disease in unilateral or asymmetric conductive hearing loss patients. Methods: In this study, we report a case series of 3 patients including 1 child, 1 adolescent, and 1 young adult, managed in our department between June and August 2023, and present a summary of the literature. Results: Congenital cholesteatoma is primarily a pediatric disease, but it has also been reported in adults. Two cases presented with unilateral secretory otitis media, and 1 case presented with asymmetric unilateral conductive hearing loss. Two patients of Potsic stage III congenital middle ear cholesteatomas underwent transcanal endoscopic ear surgery, and 1 patient of Potsic stage IV underwent conventional microscopic approach canal wall-up mastoidectomy combined with endoscopy. Conclusions: In children or young adults with persistent unilateral or asymmetric conductive hearing loss, congenital middle ear cholesteatoma should be considered. Congenital cholesteatoma cannot be ruled out in children with unilateral secretory otitis media.

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