Lining Luo, Kun Wang, Shuhan Liu, Hongrui Liu, Li Tong, Lingyi He, Kaiyun Liu
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Tracking Carbon and Ammonia Emission Flows of China's Nitrogen Fertilizer System: Implications for Domestic and International Trade.
China is the world's largest producer, consumer, and exporter of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer. To assess the impact of domestic demand and international exports, we quantified the life-cycle CO2eq and ammonia (NH3) emissions by tracking carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) flows from coal/gas mining through ammonia production to N fertilizer production, application, and export. In 2020, China's N fertilizer system emitted 496.04 Tg of CO2eq and 3.74 Tg of NH3, with ammonia production and N fertilizer application processes contributing 36 and 85% of the life-cycle CO2eq and NH3 emissions, respectively. As the largest importers of N fertilizer, India, Myanmar, South Korea, Malaysia, and the Philippines collectively shifted 112.41 Tg of CO2eq. For every ton of N fertilizer produced and used in China, 16 t of CO2eq and 0.18 t of NH3 were emitted, compared to 9.7 t of CO2eq and 0.13 t of NH3 in Europe. By adopting currently available technologies, improving N fertilizer utilization efficiency and employing nitrification inhibitors could synergistically reduce CO2eq emissions by 20% and NH3 emissions by 75%, while energy transformation efforts would primarily reduce CO2eq emissions by 59%. The production of ammonia using green electricity or green hydrogen could significantly enhance the decarbonization of China's N fertilizer system.
期刊介绍:
Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) is a co-sponsored academic and technical magazine by the Hubei Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau and the Hubei Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences.
Environmental Science & Technology (ES&T) holds the status of Chinese core journals, scientific papers source journals of China, Chinese Science Citation Database source journals, and Chinese Academic Journal Comprehensive Evaluation Database source journals. This publication focuses on the academic field of environmental protection, featuring articles related to environmental protection and technical advancements.