[多重抗药性病原体--它们对消毒剂也有抗药性吗?]

Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-09 DOI:10.1055/a-2250-0901
Johannes Knobloch, Birte Knobling
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引用次数: 0

摘要

流行病学研究表明,在曾有多重耐药病原体(MRP)感染者入住过的病房护理病人,会增加这些病原体感染的风险。因此,人们经常会问,多重耐药病原体是否也会对所使用的消毒剂产生耐药性。迄今为止,对消毒剂的 "抗药性 "还没有统一的定义。然而,市场上批准使用的消毒剂对多重抗性病原体也有效,而消毒效果不佳的主要原因是使用不当(清洁不充分、未完全润湿、使用浓度或接触时间不正确等)。消毒剂的效果取决于各种环境因素(尤其是伴随的污染)。在亚抑制浓度的消毒剂作用下,个别分离物对消毒剂的敏感性可能会降低。抗生素的抗药性机制并不介导对消毒剂的交叉抗药性,但细菌细胞渗透性的变化会影响对消毒剂和抗生素的敏感性。一般来说,通过适当的过程控制可以提高常规消毒的成功率,并有助于减少 MRP 的传播。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Multi-resistant pathogens - are they also resistant to disinfectants?]

Epidemiological studies show that the care of patients in rooms with a previous stay by a person with evidence of multi-resistant pathogens (MRP) is associated with an increased risk of these pathogens occurring. The question therefore regularly arises as to whether MRP also exhibit resistance to the disinfectants used. To date, there are no standardised definitions for "resistance" to disinfectants. However, disinfectants authorised on the market are also effective against multi-resistant pathogens and the failure of efficient disinfection is mainly caused by application errors (insufficient cleaning, incomplete wetting, incorrect application concentration or exposure time etc.). The effectiveness of disinfectants depends on a variety of environmental factors (especially accompanying contamination). A reduced sensitivity to disinfectants can occur in individual isolates due to selection under sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants. Resistance mechanisms to antibiotics do not mediate cross-resistance to disinfectants, but a change in the permeability of bacterial cells can influence sensitivity to disinfectants and antibiotics. In general, the success of routine disinfection can be improved by suitable process controls and contribute to reducing the transmission of MRP.

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