Hypoglycemia in Terminally Ill Patients with Cancer with a History of Diabetes Mellitus Admitted to a General Ward: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Poor glycemic control may be a risk factor for hypoglycemia in terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, no guidelines have been established for achieving glycemic control in this patient population, and epidemiological information remains lacking.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypoglycemic episodes and provide epidemiological information on hypoglycemia in terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of DM admitted to a general ward.

Design: This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study.

Setting/subjects: This study enrolled terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of DM, receiving palliative care at a hospital in Japan between January 2017 and July 2022.

Measurements: Data extracted from the patients' medical records were age, sex, body mass index, primary cancer, liver metastases, dialysis status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score, type and duration of DM, HbA1c level, and use of diabetes medications (antihyperglycemic agents and types and insulin) at the time of initial visit within 180 days of death.

Results: Among the 104 patients included in the analysis, hypoglycemic episodes occurred in 36 patients (34.6%). The total number of hypoglycemic episodes was 132, and the median number of hypoglycemic episodes for each patient during hospitalization was 2.5 (interquartile range, 1-6).

Conclusions: The prevalence of hypoglycemia in terminally ill patients with cancer with a history of DM who were admitted to a Japanese general ward was 34.6%. Further studies are needed to determine the frequency of hypoglycemia because of overtreatment in this patient population.