{"title":"松针厌氧消化同时产生沼气和电力:可持续能源与废物管理。","authors":"Deepak Sharma, Rishi Mahajan, Vikas Baghel, Saurabh Bansal, Vishal Ahuja, Gunjan Goel","doi":"10.3390/biotech13030035","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Power scarcity and pollution can be overcome with the use of green energy forms like ethanol, biogas, electricity, hydrogen, etc., especially energy produced from renewable and industrial feedstocks. In hilly areas, pine needles are the most abundant biomass that has a low possibility of valorization due to high lignin content. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignin and animal waste has low biogas yield due to poor conductivity. This study focuses on the simultaneous production of biogas and electricity through the co-digestion of cow dung and pine needles. The digester was initially established and stabilized in the lab to ensure a continuous supply of inoculum throughout the experiment. The optimization process involved the determination of an ideal cow dung-to-water ratio and selecting the appropriate conductive material that can enhance the energy generation from the feedstock. Afterward, both batch and continuous anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the addition of powdered graphite (5 mM), activated charcoal (15 mM), and biochar (25 mM) exhibited maximum voltage of 0.71 ± 0.013 V, 0.56 ± 0.013 V, and 0.49 ± 0.011 V on the 30th, 25th and 20th day of AD, respectively. The batch experiment showed that 5 mM graphite powder enhanced electron transfer in the AD process and generated a voltage of 0.77 ± 0.014 V on the 30th day, indicating an increase of ~1.5-fold as compared to the control (0.56 ± 0.019 V). The results from the continuous AD process showed that the digester with cow dung, pine needle, and a conductive material in combination exhibited the maximum voltage of 0.76 ± 0.012 V on the 21st day of AD, while the digester with cow dung only exhibited a maximum voltage of 0.62 ± 0.015 V on the 22nd day of AD, representing a 1.3-fold increase over the control. Furthermore, the current work used discarded plastic items and electrodes from spent batteries to emphasize waste management and aid in attaining sustainable energy and development goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":34490,"journal":{"name":"BioTech","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11417778/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Simultaneous Production of Biogas and Electricity from Anaerobic Digestion of Pine Needles: Sustainable Energy and Waste Management.\",\"authors\":\"Deepak Sharma, Rishi Mahajan, Vikas Baghel, Saurabh Bansal, Vishal Ahuja, Gunjan Goel\",\"doi\":\"10.3390/biotech13030035\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Power scarcity and pollution can be overcome with the use of green energy forms like ethanol, biogas, electricity, hydrogen, etc., especially energy produced from renewable and industrial feedstocks. In hilly areas, pine needles are the most abundant biomass that has a low possibility of valorization due to high lignin content. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignin and animal waste has low biogas yield due to poor conductivity. This study focuses on the simultaneous production of biogas and electricity through the co-digestion of cow dung and pine needles. The digester was initially established and stabilized in the lab to ensure a continuous supply of inoculum throughout the experiment. The optimization process involved the determination of an ideal cow dung-to-water ratio and selecting the appropriate conductive material that can enhance the energy generation from the feedstock. Afterward, both batch and continuous anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the addition of powdered graphite (5 mM), activated charcoal (15 mM), and biochar (25 mM) exhibited maximum voltage of 0.71 ± 0.013 V, 0.56 ± 0.013 V, and 0.49 ± 0.011 V on the 30th, 25th and 20th day of AD, respectively. The batch experiment showed that 5 mM graphite powder enhanced electron transfer in the AD process and generated a voltage of 0.77 ± 0.014 V on the 30th day, indicating an increase of ~1.5-fold as compared to the control (0.56 ± 0.019 V). The results from the continuous AD process showed that the digester with cow dung, pine needle, and a conductive material in combination exhibited the maximum voltage of 0.76 ± 0.012 V on the 21st day of AD, while the digester with cow dung only exhibited a maximum voltage of 0.62 ± 0.015 V on the 22nd day of AD, representing a 1.3-fold increase over the control. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
利用乙醇、沼气、电力、氢气等绿色能源形式,特别是利用可再生原料和工业原料生产的能源,可以克服电力短缺和污染问题。在丘陵地区,松针是最丰富的生物质,但由于木质素含量高,其价值化的可能性较低。另一方面,木质素和动物粪便的厌氧消化(AD)由于传导性差,沼气产量低。本研究的重点是通过牛粪和松针的共同消化,同时生产沼气和电力。沼气池最初是在实验室中建立和稳定的,以确保在整个实验过程中持续供应接种物。优化过程包括确定理想的牛粪与水的比例,并选择适当的导电材料,以提高原料的发电量。随后,进行了间歇式和连续式厌氧消化实验。结果显示,添加石墨粉(5 mM)、活性炭(15 mM)和生物炭(25 mM)后,在厌氧消化第 30 天、第 25 天和第 20 天的最大电压分别为 0.71 ± 0.013 V、0.56 ± 0.013 V 和 0.49 ± 0.011 V。批量实验表明,5 mM 石墨粉增强了 AD 过程中的电子传递,在第 30 天产生了 0.77 ± 0.014 V 的电压,与对照组(0.56 ± 0.019 V)相比增加了 ~1.5 倍。连续厌氧消化过程的结果显示,牛粪、松针和导电材料混合使用的消化器在厌氧消化的第 21 天显示出 0.76 ± 0.012 V 的最大电压,而只使用牛粪的消化器在厌氧消化的第 22 天显示出 0.62 ± 0.015 V 的最大电压,比对照组增加了 1.3 倍。此外,目前的工作使用了废弃塑料制品和废电池电极,以强调废物管理,帮助实现可持续能源和发展目标。
Simultaneous Production of Biogas and Electricity from Anaerobic Digestion of Pine Needles: Sustainable Energy and Waste Management.
Power scarcity and pollution can be overcome with the use of green energy forms like ethanol, biogas, electricity, hydrogen, etc., especially energy produced from renewable and industrial feedstocks. In hilly areas, pine needles are the most abundant biomass that has a low possibility of valorization due to high lignin content. On the other hand, anaerobic digestion (AD) of lignin and animal waste has low biogas yield due to poor conductivity. This study focuses on the simultaneous production of biogas and electricity through the co-digestion of cow dung and pine needles. The digester was initially established and stabilized in the lab to ensure a continuous supply of inoculum throughout the experiment. The optimization process involved the determination of an ideal cow dung-to-water ratio and selecting the appropriate conductive material that can enhance the energy generation from the feedstock. Afterward, both batch and continuous anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted. The results revealed that the addition of powdered graphite (5 mM), activated charcoal (15 mM), and biochar (25 mM) exhibited maximum voltage of 0.71 ± 0.013 V, 0.56 ± 0.013 V, and 0.49 ± 0.011 V on the 30th, 25th and 20th day of AD, respectively. The batch experiment showed that 5 mM graphite powder enhanced electron transfer in the AD process and generated a voltage of 0.77 ± 0.014 V on the 30th day, indicating an increase of ~1.5-fold as compared to the control (0.56 ± 0.019 V). The results from the continuous AD process showed that the digester with cow dung, pine needle, and a conductive material in combination exhibited the maximum voltage of 0.76 ± 0.012 V on the 21st day of AD, while the digester with cow dung only exhibited a maximum voltage of 0.62 ± 0.015 V on the 22nd day of AD, representing a 1.3-fold increase over the control. Furthermore, the current work used discarded plastic items and electrodes from spent batteries to emphasize waste management and aid in attaining sustainable energy and development goals.