揭示油棕体细胞胚胎在体细胞胚胎发生过程中出现的过度水化现象。

IF 2.5 3区 生物学 Q3 CELL BIOLOGY
Thauan Martins Lelis, Ivonaldo Reis Santos, Inaê Mariê Araújo Silva-Cardoso, André Luís Xavier de Souza, Ana Cristina Meneses Mendes Gomes, Angela Mehta, Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
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引用次数: 0

摘要

通过体细胞胚胎发生繁殖油棕是克隆这种棕榈树的最有效方法;然而,体外培养可能导致植物组织异常,如过水。本研究旨在评估正常(Nm)和超水(Hh)体细胞胚胎在解剖学、形态学、组织化学特征和基因表达方面的差异。为此,从分化培养基中收集了 Nm 和 Hh 体细胞胚,并对其进行解剖和组织化学分析,以评估细胞核/细胞质比率(甲苯胺蓝)、淀粉(卢戈尔)和蛋白质(XP),并通过透射电子显微镜进行超微结构分析。此外,还进行了基因表达分析,以更好地了解高水化异常的分子方面。观察到每个外植体分化出更多的 Nm 体细胞胚胎,而 Hh 体细胞胚胎的发芽率接近于零。此外,与 Hh 胚胎相比,Nm 体细胞胚胎的蛋白质和淀粉积累更多。我们还注意到,在 Nm 体细胞胚胎中,蛋白质储备主要位于近端区域(胚轴),而淀粉储备主要积累在体细胞胚胎的远端区域。与 Nm 体细胞胚胎相比,Hh 体细胞胚胎的淀粉储备微不足道,而且观察到更多的细胞间隙。不过,一些 Hh 体细胞胚显示出与 Nm 体细胞胚相似的组织化学特征,这可以解释本研究中观察到的从 Hh 状态逆转到 Nm 状态的情况。在分子分析方面,基因表达结果显示,与对照组(正常体细胞胚胎)相比,在所分析的 19 个基因中,有 17 个基因在高水化胚胎中上调。涉及应激反应、能量代谢、防御、膜转运、激素调节和发育的基因都受到了正调控,尤其是涉及乙烯合成和能量代谢的基因。据我们所知,这是首次对油棕体细胞胚胎发生过程中的超水化现象进行深入研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unraveling the occurrence of hyperhydricity in oil palm somatic embryos during somatic embryogenesis process.

The propagation of oil palm through somatic embryogenesis is the most effective method of cloning this palm tree; however, in vitro cultivation can lead to abnormalities in plant tissue, such as hyperhydricity. The present study aimed to evaluate the difference in anatomical, morphological, and histochemical characteristics, and gene expression in normal (Nm) and hyperhydric (Hh) somatic embryos of oil palm. For this purpose, Nm and Hh somatic embryos were collected from the differentiation medium and were submitted to anatomical and histochemical analyses to assess the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio (toluidine blue), starch (Lugol), and proteins (XP), as well as ultrastructural analyses via transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, gene expression analyses were performed to gain a better understanding on the molecular aspect of hyperhydric abnormality. A higher quantity of differentiated Nm somatic embryos per explant was observed, with a germination rate close to zero in Hh somatic embryos. Additionally, a higher accumulation of proteins and starch was found in Nm somatic embryos when compared to Hh embryos. It was also noted that in Nm somatic embryos, protein reserves were primarily located in the proximal region (embryonic axis), whereas starch reserves were mainly accumulated in the distal region of the somatic embryos. Hh somatic embryos exhibit insignificant starch reserves, and a greater number of intercellular spaces were observed compared to Nm somatic embryos. However, some Hh somatic embryos displayed histochemical characteristics similar to Nm, which could explain the occurrence of reversions from the Hh state to the Nm state observed in this study. Regarding molecular analyses, the gene expression results obtained showed that out of the 19 genes analyzed, 17 were upregulated in hyperhydric embryos when compared to the control condition (normal somatic embryos). Genes involved in stress response, energy metabolism, defense, membrane transport, hormonal regulation, and development were positively regulated, especially those involved in ethylene synthesis and energetic metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first in-depth study addressing hyperhydricity in oil palm during somatic embryogenesis.

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来源期刊
Protoplasma
Protoplasma 生物-细胞生物学
CiteScore
6.60
自引率
6.90%
发文量
99
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Protoplasma publishes original papers, short communications and review articles which are of interest to cell biology in all its scientific and applied aspects. We seek contributions dealing with plants and animals but also prokaryotes, protists and fungi, from the following fields: cell biology of both single and multicellular organisms molecular cytology the cell cycle membrane biology including biogenesis, dynamics, energetics and electrophysiology inter- and intracellular transport the cytoskeleton organelles experimental and quantitative ultrastructure cyto- and histochemistry Further, conceptual contributions such as new models or discoveries at the cutting edge of cell biology research will be published under the headings "New Ideas in Cell Biology".
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