A comparative study of a rapid phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing system directly from positive blood cultures to the disk diffusion and VITEK 2 methods

Background

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that impacts 49 million people annually and causes 11 million deaths worldwide. Surviving bloodstream infections (BSIs) depends on the rapid administration of effective antimicrobial treatment, underscoring a need for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).

Aim

To evaluate the performance of Quantamatrix's dRAST v2.5 system (Seoul, South Korea) for AST directly from positive blood cultures as compared to the Disk-Diffusion (DD) and VITEK 2 methods.

Methods

The study included 191 positive blood cultures from clinical samples and spiked blood culture bottles. Following Gram staining and species-level identification, AST was performed by VITEK 2 and standard DD methods using CLSI (2021) interpretation.

Results

dRAST demonstrated very good AST performance for a Gram-negative isolate, and good performance for Gram-positive isolates, meeting CLSI criteria for the acceptance of a new method. Antimicrobials that were not considered verified compared to VITEK 2 and DD were cefazolin, ceftazidime, meropenem, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for Gram-negatives and clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, and oxacillin for Gram-positives. dRAST ESBL detection results were strongly correlated with the ESBL phenotypes obtained with other methods. Additional resistance mechanisms were in concordance with traditional tests.

Conclusions

dRAST demonstrated good AST performance, meeting CLSI criteria for most relevant antibiotics. dRAST was associated with a significant reduction in time-to-results, labor, and the subjectivity of result analyses, making it a valuable addition to efforts supporting the treatment of patients with bacteremia.

AST (antimicrobial susceptibility test), blood culture, dRAST, rapid methods, sepsis, turnaround time (TAT).