Sara Bellusa, Lianrui Chu, Evelyn Fung, Kyumin Whang
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The cure (Shore A hardness), hydrophilicity (contact angles), mechanical (3-point bend test), water sorption, and antimicrobial properties against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most K18 groups cured well and had comparable Shore A hardness values (range ~52 to 70 DHN) to that of controls (67.2 ± 1.8 DHN; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> > 0.0003). Even the softest group had hardness values within the range of commercial products. Half of the K18 groups had comparable contact angles to that of controls (range ~75° to 80° vs 83.41° ± 2.66°; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> > 0.0003), and most were within the range of commercial liners. K18-MMA and K18-Filler increased modulus but decreased ultimate transverse strength (UTS). All experimental groups had comparable or higher moduli than controls (range ~966 to 2069 MPa vs 1340 ± 119 MPa; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> < 0.0003), but only half of the experimental groups had comparable UTS to that of controls (range ~41 to 49 MPa vs 55.8 ± 1.5 MPa; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> > 0.0003). The 15% and 20% K18-MMA with 30% K18-Filler groups had significant antimicrobial activity against all three microbes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, the 15% and 20% K18-MMA with 30% K18-Filler groups had significantly higher water sorption at early time points (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After 8 weeks, they were comparable to each other (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>K18-MMA and K18-Filler are promising antimicrobial additives that produce hard denture liners with material properties within the range of commercial products and significant antimicrobial properties against <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Further development is needed to reduce water sorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":14985,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Antimicrobial hard denture reliners using quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (K18 QAMS) and K18-functionalized filler.\",\"authors\":\"Sara Bellusa, Lianrui Chu, Evelyn Fung, Kyumin Whang\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/22808000241284431\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effects of adding a quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (K18) and K18-functionalized filler (K18-Filler) on the material and antimicrobial properties of a hard denture reline material.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>30% K18 in methyl methacrylate (K18-MMA; 0-20 wt% of reliner) and K18-Filler (0-30 wt% of reliner) were incorporated into Kooliner<sup>TM</sup> hard denture reliner. Kooliner<sup>TM</sup> served as the control. The cure (Shore A hardness), hydrophilicity (contact angles), mechanical (3-point bend test), water sorption, and antimicrobial properties against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i> were determined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most K18 groups cured well and had comparable Shore A hardness values (range ~52 to 70 DHN) to that of controls (67.2 ± 1.8 DHN; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> > 0.0003). Even the softest group had hardness values within the range of commercial products. Half of the K18 groups had comparable contact angles to that of controls (range ~75° to 80° vs 83.41° ± 2.66°; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> > 0.0003), and most were within the range of commercial liners. K18-MMA and K18-Filler increased modulus but decreased ultimate transverse strength (UTS). All experimental groups had comparable or higher moduli than controls (range ~966 to 2069 MPa vs 1340 ± 119 MPa; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> < 0.0003), but only half of the experimental groups had comparable UTS to that of controls (range ~41 to 49 MPa vs 55.8 ± 1.5 MPa; Bonferroni corrected <i>p</i> > 0.0003). The 15% and 20% K18-MMA with 30% K18-Filler groups had significant antimicrobial activity against all three microbes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, the 15% and 20% K18-MMA with 30% K18-Filler groups had significantly higher water sorption at early time points (<i>p</i> < 0.05). After 8 weeks, they were comparable to each other (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>K18-MMA and K18-Filler are promising antimicrobial additives that produce hard denture liners with material properties within the range of commercial products and significant antimicrobial properties against <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>S. sanguinis</i>, and <i>C. albicans</i>. Further development is needed to reduce water sorption.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14985,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241284431\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000241284431","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
目的材料和方法：在 KoolinerTM 硬义齿衬垫中加入甲基丙烯酸甲酯中 30% 的 K18（K18-MMA；衬垫的 0-20 wt%）和 K18-Filler（衬垫的 0-30 wt%）。KoolinerTM 作为对照。测定了固化（邵氏 A 硬度）、亲水性（接触角）、机械性（3 点弯曲试验）、吸水性以及对变异链球菌、血清链球菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌性：大多数 K18 组固化良好，与对照组（67.2 ± 1.8 DHN；Bonferroni 校正 p > 0.0003）的肖氏 A 硬度值（范围 ~52 至 70 DHN）相当。即使是最柔软的组别，其硬度值也在商用产品的范围之内。半数 K18 组的接触角与对照组相当（范围 ~75° 至 80° vs 83.41° ± 2.66°；Bonferroni 校正后 p > 0.0003），而且大多数组都在商用衬垫的范围内。K18-MMA 和 K18-Filler 增加了模量，但降低了极限横向强度 (UTS)。所有实验组的模量与对照组相当或更高（范围 ~966 至 2069 兆帕对比 1340 ± 119 兆帕；Bonferroni 校正 p p > 0.0003）。15% 和 20% K18-MMA 与 30% K18-Filler 组对所有三种微生物都具有显著的抗菌活性（p p > 0.05）：结论：K18-MMA 和 K18-Filler 是很有前途的抗菌添加剂，它们生产的硬义齿衬垫的材料性能在商业产品范围内，对变异性酵母菌、血清酵母菌和白色念珠菌具有显著的抗菌性能。还需要进一步开发，以减少吸水性。
Antimicrobial hard denture reliners using quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (K18 QAMS) and K18-functionalized filler.
Objective: To determine the effects of adding a quaternary ammonium methacryloxy silicate (K18) and K18-functionalized filler (K18-Filler) on the material and antimicrobial properties of a hard denture reline material.
Materials and methods: 30% K18 in methyl methacrylate (K18-MMA; 0-20 wt% of reliner) and K18-Filler (0-30 wt% of reliner) were incorporated into KoolinerTM hard denture reliner. KoolinerTM served as the control. The cure (Shore A hardness), hydrophilicity (contact angles), mechanical (3-point bend test), water sorption, and antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguinis, and Candida albicans were determined.
Results: Most K18 groups cured well and had comparable Shore A hardness values (range ~52 to 70 DHN) to that of controls (67.2 ± 1.8 DHN; Bonferroni corrected p > 0.0003). Even the softest group had hardness values within the range of commercial products. Half of the K18 groups had comparable contact angles to that of controls (range ~75° to 80° vs 83.41° ± 2.66°; Bonferroni corrected p > 0.0003), and most were within the range of commercial liners. K18-MMA and K18-Filler increased modulus but decreased ultimate transverse strength (UTS). All experimental groups had comparable or higher moduli than controls (range ~966 to 2069 MPa vs 1340 ± 119 MPa; Bonferroni corrected p < 0.0003), but only half of the experimental groups had comparable UTS to that of controls (range ~41 to 49 MPa vs 55.8 ± 1.5 MPa; Bonferroni corrected p > 0.0003). The 15% and 20% K18-MMA with 30% K18-Filler groups had significant antimicrobial activity against all three microbes (p < 0.05). However, the 15% and 20% K18-MMA with 30% K18-Filler groups had significantly higher water sorption at early time points (p < 0.05). After 8 weeks, they were comparable to each other (p > 0.05).
Conclusions: K18-MMA and K18-Filler are promising antimicrobial additives that produce hard denture liners with material properties within the range of commercial products and significant antimicrobial properties against S. mutans, S. sanguinis, and C. albicans. Further development is needed to reduce water sorption.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials (JABFM) is an open access, peer-reviewed, international journal considering the publication of original contributions, reviews and editorials dealing with clinical and laboratory investigations in the fast growing field of biomaterial sciences and functional materials.
The areas covered by the journal will include:
• Biomaterials / Materials for biomedical applications
• Functional materials
• Hybrid and composite materials
• Soft materials
• Hydrogels
• Nanomaterials
• Gene delivery
• Nonodevices
• Metamaterials
• Active coatings
• Surface functionalization
• Tissue engineering
• Cell delivery/cell encapsulation systems
• 3D printing materials
• Material characterization
• Biomechanics
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