The Teplizumab Saga: The Challenge of Not Getting Lost in Clinical Translation.

In November 2022, teplizumab became the first drug approved to delay the course of any autoimmune disease and to change the course of type 1 diabetes (T1D) since the discovery of insulin. The path to its approval took more than 30 years with both successes and failures along the way that would have normally led to its abandonment in other circumstances. Development of the drug was based on studies in preclinical models and parallels efforts in transplantation. From a series of innovative adaptations in response to issues related to adverse events and immunogenicity, humanized Fc receptors (FcR) nonbinding antibodies were developed with improved clinical outcomes and safety as well as new mechanisms. Importantly, as a result of these developments, teplizumab has been able to achieve efficacy over extended periods of time without global immune suppression. The approval of teplizumab represents a significant first step toward achieving escape from T1D and, in the future, reversal of the disease.