Novel electrochromic-supercapacitor device based on P(TPACz)/WO3-PDA nanocomposite film

Organic–inorganic composites of (E)-3,5-di(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)-N-(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)aniline/dopamine-modified WO₃ (P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA) were prepared by electrochemical polymerisation. The as-prepared P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA composites showed good electrochromic and electrochemical performance. The prominent electrochemical performance of P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA represents a high areal capacitance (32.15 mF cm⁻² at 0.1 mA cm⁻²) and wide range of potential windows (-2.0−1.6 V). Additionally, symmetric supercapacitor devices based on P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA composite films were successfully constructed, which exhibited a high specific capacitance (13.88 mF cm⁻² at 0.02 mA cm⁻²) and an energy density of 7.71 × 10⁻³ mWh cm⁻² in n-doped station. The remarkable electrochromic and electrochemical performances are due to the synergy between the organic polymer and WO₃-PDA. A complete large-area composite film structure with high conductivity promises fast electronic transport. This study provides a method for preparing multifunctional composite electrode materials, offering technical support for intelligent displays and energy storage technologies.