A security-preserving framework for sustainable distributed energy transition: Case of smart city

The proliferation of smart devices that complement the energy system in order to make it easier to change the appearance of unique and autonomous energy systems and make them more manageable, causes the biggest problems in energy management in smart cities. With these promising results, storing data exchange between the smart city and its components of renewable sources and storage will reduce the risk of cyber-attacks in the energy system. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a reliable and privacy-preserving distributed model for the transition to smart cities, emphasizing the integration of renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and tidal power into the urban energy ecosystem. For this purpose, a distributed model-based two-dimensional multiplicative method (PDMM) and a design-based model have been developed as a fast method to solve energy problems in smart cities. The results will show that PDMM performs well in large-scale optimization problems. To protect data privacy, the method of secure data exchange is based on a modified acyclic graph based on blockchain. Detailed numerical results demonstrate the performance of the proposed method based on the dynamic force curve. The results prove that the proposed model was able to get to an optimal and true consensus among agents with very low error values.