3, 4-Bis (3-nitrofurazan-4-yl) furoxan (DNTF) and 4-methoxy-1-methyl-3, 5-dinitro-1 H-pyrazole (DMDNP) based molten carrier with high energy and low sensitivity: Eutectic design and desensitization effect

Utilizing insensitive explosives to form a eutectic with 3, 4-bis (3-nitrofurazan-4-yl) furoxan (DNTF) proved to be an effective method for reducing its sensitivity and melting point. In this study, the interaction between DNTF and 4-methoxy-1-methyl-3, 5-dinitro-1 H-pyrazole (DMDNP) was simulated using the interaction region indicator (IRI), revealing that the intermolecular forces in the mixture are stronger than those of the individual components. Co-molten mixtures of DNTF-DMDNP with varying compositions were prepared through electrostatic spraying technology, and a binary phase diagram was established using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The experimentally extrapolated molar ratio of the DNTF-DMDNP eutectic was determined to be 48.7/51.3, with a eutectic point at approximately 338.2 K. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests confirmed that no chemical reactions or crystal transformations occurred during the preparation of the eutectic. The thermal decomposition temperatures at different heating rates and apparent activation energy of the eutectic fell within the range between those of DNTF and DMDNP. Addition of even just 10 % DMDNP significantly reduced mechanical sensitivity in co-molten mixtures, resulting in a rapid decrease from 100 % to 12 % friction sensitivity. The detonation velocity of the DNTF-DMDNP eutectic measured at 8.47 km s only experienced a slight decrease by about 0.78 km s (8.4 %) compared to pure DNTF, indicating efficient desensitization by incorporating DMDNP with minimal energy loss potentiality. Furthermore, adjusting composition allowed for control over detonation performance and sensitivity in melt-cast explosives composed of DNTF-DMDNP.