Can a behaviour change toothbrushing intervention prevent dental caries in 11–13-year-olds?

Design

The Brushing RemInder 4 Good oral HealTh (BRIGHT) multi-centre randomized controlled trial was based in state-funded secondary schools in England, Wales and Scotland. It had two arms, aiming to assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of a 50 min education session and twice daily brush reminder text messages on toothbrushing and caries rates, compared to the normal education curriculum and no SMS. Outcomes were assessed at intervals over 2.5 years and were assessor-blinded.

Case selection

Pupils aged 11-13 were recruited from participating schools, and in each school randomised via year group to either the intervention or control group following baseline assessments by calibrated dental professionals. Exclusion criteria included not having a functioning mobile phone.

Data analysis

The primary outcome, D_4–6 MFT (Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth), was analysed using mixed-effect logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were conducted. A cost-utility analysis was also undertaken.

Results

In total 42 schools, containing 84 year groups were randomised, and 4680 pupils were in the final sample. 663 pupils withdrew from follow up. At 6 months, there was evidence that intervention group pupils were more likely to report brushing at least twice per day However, by 2.5 years this effect was no longer evident. 2383 participants had a valid dental assessment at both baseline and 2.5 years, with 514 children in the intervention and 529 children in the control group presenting with obvious decay experience in at least one permanent tooth after 2.5 years. The intervention was estimated to have a 7% chance of being cost-effective. Over the 2.5-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in QALYs and costs between groups.

Conclusions

The findings from the BRIGHT trial indicate no evidence of a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups for the prevalence of caries after 2.5-years. The behaviour change intervention did not translate into a reduction in caries rates.