Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lucas Nascimento Tavares, Isadora Aparecida Ribeiro Reis, William W. Brackett, Rafael Rocha Pacheco, Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo
{"title":"评估牙科陶瓷晶体长度和结晶含量的新型简化方法","authors":"Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lucas Nascimento Tavares, Isadora Aparecida Ribeiro Reis, William W. Brackett, Rafael Rocha Pacheco, Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24700","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <p>The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and simple method of evaluating the crystal length and crystalline content of lithium disilicate dental ceramics using images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH) processing software. Three evaluators with varying experience levels assessed the average crystal length and percentage of crystalline content in four commercial lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic materials: IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rosetta SM (Hass), T-Lithium (Talmax), and IRIS CAD (Tianjin). The specimens, prepared from partially crystallized CAD/CAM blocks (3.0 mm<sup>3</sup>), were fully crystallized and treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s prior to SEM analysis. After acquiring the SEM images, ImageJ software was used to evaluate the average crystal length and crystalline content on the surface of the different ceramics. An inter-operator agreement was observed (ICC/<i>p</i> = 0.724), indicating that assessments by the various operators were similar across all ceramic materials tested (<i>p</i> < 0.001). When crystal length and crystalline content were compared, IRIS CAD exhibited significant differences compared to the other materials (<i>p</i> < 0.001), showing a less dense crystalline matrix based on the average length of crystals and the percentage of crystals per unit area. The use of this software facilitated the evaluation of crystalline content and average crystal lengths in dental ceramics using SEM images, and demonstrated very low variability among different operators.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Research Highlights</h3>\n \n <div>\n <ul>\n \n <li>The described method, using ImageJ open-source software, provides precise and reliable measurements of crystal length and crystalline content in lithium disilicate ceramics, with high inter-operator agreement.</li>\n \n <li>The proposed method identified higher crystalline content in IPS e.max CAD compared to Rosetta SM CAD and T-lithium CAD ceramics, while IRIS CAD exhibited significantly lower crystalline content and larger average crystal length.</li>\n \n <li>The novel, simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content presented in this study may also be useful for evaluating other dental ceramics.</li>\n </ul>\n </div>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 1","pages":"224-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A novel simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content in dental ceramics\",\"authors\":\"Danilo Cassiano Ferraz, Lucas Nascimento Tavares, Isadora Aparecida Ribeiro Reis, William W. Brackett, Rafael Rocha Pacheco, Luís Henrique Araújo Raposo\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jemt.24700\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <p>The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and simple method of evaluating the crystal length and crystalline content of lithium disilicate dental ceramics using images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH) processing software. Three evaluators with varying experience levels assessed the average crystal length and percentage of crystalline content in four commercial lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic materials: IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rosetta SM (Hass), T-Lithium (Talmax), and IRIS CAD (Tianjin). The specimens, prepared from partially crystallized CAD/CAM blocks (3.0 mm<sup>3</sup>), were fully crystallized and treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s prior to SEM analysis. After acquiring the SEM images, ImageJ software was used to evaluate the average crystal length and crystalline content on the surface of the different ceramics. An inter-operator agreement was observed (ICC/<i>p</i> = 0.724), indicating that assessments by the various operators were similar across all ceramic materials tested (<i>p</i> < 0.001). When crystal length and crystalline content were compared, IRIS CAD exhibited significant differences compared to the other materials (<i>p</i> < 0.001), showing a less dense crystalline matrix based on the average length of crystals and the percentage of crystals per unit area. The use of this software facilitated the evaluation of crystalline content and average crystal lengths in dental ceramics using SEM images, and demonstrated very low variability among different operators.</p>\\n </section>\\n \\n <section>\\n \\n <h3> Research Highlights</h3>\\n \\n <div>\\n <ul>\\n \\n <li>The described method, using ImageJ open-source software, provides precise and reliable measurements of crystal length and crystalline content in lithium disilicate ceramics, with high inter-operator agreement.</li>\\n \\n <li>The proposed method identified higher crystalline content in IPS e.max CAD compared to Rosetta SM CAD and T-lithium CAD ceramics, while IRIS CAD exhibited significantly lower crystalline content and larger average crystal length.</li>\\n \\n <li>The novel, simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content presented in this study may also be useful for evaluating other dental ceramics.</li>\\n </ul>\\n </div>\\n </section>\\n </div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18684,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Microscopy Research and Technique\",\"volume\":\"88 1\",\"pages\":\"224-233\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-17\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Microscopy Research and Technique\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.24700\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Microscopy Research and Technique","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jemt.24700","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content in dental ceramics
The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel and simple method of evaluating the crystal length and crystalline content of lithium disilicate dental ceramics using images obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and analyzed with ImageJ (NIH) processing software. Three evaluators with varying experience levels assessed the average crystal length and percentage of crystalline content in four commercial lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic materials: IPS e.max (Ivoclar Vivadent), Rosetta SM (Hass), T-Lithium (Talmax), and IRIS CAD (Tianjin). The specimens, prepared from partially crystallized CAD/CAM blocks (3.0 mm3), were fully crystallized and treated with 5% hydrofluoric acid for 20 s prior to SEM analysis. After acquiring the SEM images, ImageJ software was used to evaluate the average crystal length and crystalline content on the surface of the different ceramics. An inter-operator agreement was observed (ICC/p = 0.724), indicating that assessments by the various operators were similar across all ceramic materials tested (p < 0.001). When crystal length and crystalline content were compared, IRIS CAD exhibited significant differences compared to the other materials (p < 0.001), showing a less dense crystalline matrix based on the average length of crystals and the percentage of crystals per unit area. The use of this software facilitated the evaluation of crystalline content and average crystal lengths in dental ceramics using SEM images, and demonstrated very low variability among different operators.
Research Highlights
The described method, using ImageJ open-source software, provides precise and reliable measurements of crystal length and crystalline content in lithium disilicate ceramics, with high inter-operator agreement.
The proposed method identified higher crystalline content in IPS e.max CAD compared to Rosetta SM CAD and T-lithium CAD ceramics, while IRIS CAD exhibited significantly lower crystalline content and larger average crystal length.
The novel, simplified method for assessing crystal length and crystalline content presented in this study may also be useful for evaluating other dental ceramics.
期刊介绍：
Microscopy Research and Technique (MRT) publishes articles on all aspects of advanced microscopy original architecture and methodologies with applications in the biological, clinical, chemical, and materials sciences. Original basic and applied research as well as technical papers dealing with the various subsets of microscopy are encouraged. MRT is the right form for those developing new microscopy methods or using the microscope to answer key questions in basic and applied research.
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