生命如何变得多姿多彩:色觉、无性繁殖、性选择、花朵和果实

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
John J. Wiens, Zachary Emberts
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引用次数: 0

摘要

植物和动物通常都有显眼的颜色(如红、黄、橙、蓝、紫)。这包括水果和花朵的炫目色彩,青蛙、蛇和无脊椎动物的绚丽警示色彩,以及昆虫、鱼类、鸟类和蜥蜴的壮观性选择色彩。这些信号通常被认为是利用了接收者视觉系统中已有的敏感性。这就提出了一个问题:显色和色觉的最初功能是什么?在这里,我们回顾了色觉、果实、花朵、表色和性选色的起源。我们发现,显色性色素在动物中分布广泛,但相对较年轻,仅在过去约 1.5 亿年才演化出来。动物的性选色彩似乎仅限于节肢动物和脊索动物,而且也相对年轻(一般为 1 亿年)。彩色花朵很可能是在距今约 2 亿年前进化而来的,而彩色果实/种子很可能是在距今约 3 亿年前进化而来的。彩色视觉(sensu lato)似乎要早得多,可能起源于大约 4 亿至 5 亿年前的节肢动物和脊索动物。因此,色觉的进化可能早于现存的果实、花朵、无性繁殖和性色彩信号等类群。我们还发现,在过去约 100 Myr 的时间里,色彩似乎出现了爆炸性的增长,其中包括 9 个动物门类中 200 种无色学色彩的起源,以及节肢动物和脊索动物中 100 种性选择色彩的起源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How life became colourful: colour vision, aposematism, sexual selection, flowers, and fruits
Plants and animals are often adorned with potentially conspicuous colours (e.g. red, yellow, orange, blue, purple). These include the dazzling colours of fruits and flowers, the brilliant warning colours of frogs, snakes, and invertebrates, and the spectacular sexually selected colours of insects, fish, birds, and lizards. Such signals are often thought to utilize pre-existing sensitivities in the receiver's visual systems. This raises the question: what was the initial function of conspicuous colouration and colour vision? Here, we review the origins of colour vision, fruit, flowers, and aposematic and sexually selected colouration. We find that aposematic colouration is widely distributed across animals but relatively young, evolving only in the last ~150 million years (Myr). Sexually selected colouration in animals appears confined to arthropods and chordates, and is also relatively young (generally <100 Myr). Colourful flowers likely evolved ~200 million years ago (Mya), whereas colourful fruits/seeds likely evolved ~300 Mya. Colour vision (sensu lato) appears to be substantially older, and likely originated ~400–500 Mya in both arthropods and chordates. Thus, colour vision may have evolved long before extant lineages with fruit, flowers, aposematism, and sexual colour signals. We also find that there appears to have been an explosion of colour within the last ~100 Myr, including >200 origins of aposematic colouration across nine animal phyla and >100 origins of sexually selected colouration among arthropods and chordates.
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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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