欧洲自然保护中的野化马--遗传学、伦理学和福利的视角

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Lilla Lovász, Carolin Sommer-Trembo, Julia M.I. Barth, John D. Scasta, Ralitsa Grancharova-Hill, Rhys T. Lemoine, Viola Kerekes, Léa Merckling, Amos Bouskila, Jens-Christian Svenning, Antoine Fages
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近几十年来,由于马具有调节植被和恢复自然生态系统的潜力,将马(Equus ferus)纳入欧洲野化计划的做法广受欢迎。然而,在保护工作中使用马匹面临着重大挑战,我们在此对这些挑战进行了探讨和讨论。这些挑战包括:对保护和野化的关键术语缺乏共识;与马有关的根深蒂固的文化和强烈的情感;在人类选择下的动物遗传多样性低、对遗传性疾病的易感性高;以及对马匹在野外生活种群中的社会行为考虑不足。此外,野生马匹的管理还涉及错综复杂的福利、伦理和立法问题。以人类为中心的种群控制措施可能会损害马群结构,因为这些措施往往将个体福利置于种群和生态系统健康之上。为了克服这些挑战,我们提出了全面的建议。这些建议包括系统地获取遗传信息,注重遗传多样性而非品种纯度,以及尽量减少兽医对野生马群的干预。此外,我们建议允许自上而下和自下而上的自然控制--如果不可能,则通过捕杀或非致命性移除马匹来模拟自然控制--而不是使用生育控制来进行种群管理。我们主张加强保护生物学家和从业人员之间的合作,并加强与公众的沟通。在做出决策时,应充分了解野生马匹种群的基因构成、常见健康问题和动态以及社会行为。这种全面的方法对于调和人类与马的情感以及实施保护措施至关重要,这些措施不仅要有效,而且要可持续,以保证功能性、生物多样性生态系统的长期生存能力,同时使马重新成为欧洲广泛存在的野生物种。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Rewilded horses in European nature conservation – a genetics, ethics, and welfare perspective
In recent decades, the integration of horses (Equus ferus) in European rewilding initiatives has gained widespread popularity due to their potential for regulating vegetation and restoring natural ecosystems. However, employing horses in conservation efforts presents important challenges, which we here explore and discuss. These challenges encompass the lack of consensus on key terms inherent to conservation and rewilding, the entrenched culture and strong emotions associated with horses, low genetic diversity and high susceptibility to hereditary diseases in animals under human selection, as well as insufficient consideration for the social behaviour of horses in wild-living populations. In addition, management of wild-living horses involves intricate welfare, ethics and legislative dimensions. Anthropocentric population-control initiatives may be detrimental to horse group structures since they tend to prioritise individual welfare over the health of populations and ecosystems. To overcome these challenges, we provide comprehensive recommendations. These involve a systematic acquisition of genetic information, a focus on genetic diversity rather than breed purity and minimal veterinary intervention in wild-living populations. Further, we advise allowing for natural top-down and bottom-up control – or, if impossible, simulating this by culling or non-lethal removal of horses – instead of using fertility control for population management. We advocate for intensified collaboration between conservation biologists and practitioners and enhanced communication with the general public. Decision-making should be informed by a thorough understanding of the genetic makeup, common health issues and dynamics, and social behaviour in wild-living horse populations. Such a holistic approach is essential to reconcile human emotions associated with horses with the implementation of conservation practices that are not only effective but also sustainable for the long-term viability of functional, biodiverse ecosystems, while rehabilitating the horse as a widespread wild-living species in Europe.
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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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