在国家点火装置开发时间分辨 X 射线衍射诊断技术(特邀)

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
N. E. Palmer, L. R. Benedetti, C. E. Vennari, P. R. Nyholm, R. B. Petre, N. Bhandarkar, A. C. Carpenter, S. R. Nagel, J. H. Eggert, D. K. Bradley, A. J. Mackinnon, Y. Ping
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引用次数: 0

摘要

作为测量动态压缩条件下材料相变时间尺度计划的一部分,我们设计了新型 X 射线成像诊断装置,用于在单次激光驱动实验中记录多次 X 射线衍射测量结果。我们的设计将几个 ns 门控混合 CMOS(hCMOS)传感器置于激光驱动目标的几厘米范围内。这些传感器必须受到保护,以免受到极端恶劣环境的影响,包括碎片、电磁脉冲和未转换的激光。另一个关键挑战是减少相对于微弱衍射信号的 X 射线背景。在我们的前身(原位目标衍射)取得成功的基础上,我们采用了一种分阶段的平台开发方法。首先,我们用两个 hCMOS 传感器制作了一个演示诊断仪(门控衍射开发诊断仪),以确认我们能够充分保护它们免受恶劣环境的影响,同时还能获取可接受的衍射数据。这使团队能够快速评估风险,解决最重大的挑战。我们还在开发过程中收集了有用的科学数据。利用我们所学到的知识,我们最近开发出了一种更加雄心勃勃的仪器(用于激光实验的柔性成像衍射诊断仪),它可以在灵活的几何形状中安装多达八个 hCMOS 传感器,并参与国家点火装置(NIF)的背靠背发射。该设计还允许未来的迭代,如更快的 hCMOS 传感器和嵌入式 X 射线条纹照相机。新仪器功能的增强需要更复杂的设计,而在 NIF 的前几次拍摄中遇到的意想不到的问题提醒我们,复杂性也会带来后果。本文介绍了我们在应对这些挑战方面取得的进展,以及我们目前通过减少 X 射线背景和量化衍射测量的不确定性来提高数据质量的工作重点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Developing time-resolved x-ray diffraction diagnostics at the National Ignition Facility (invited)
As part of a program to measure phase transition timescales in materials under dynamic compression, we have designed new x-ray imaging diagnostics to record multiple x-ray diffraction measurements during a single laser-driven experiment. Our design places several ns-gated hybrid CMOS (hCMOS) sensors within a few cm of a laser-driven target. The sensors must be protected from an extremely harsh environment, including debris, electromagnetic pulses, and unconverted laser light. Another key challenge is reducing the x-ray background relative to the faint diffraction signal. Building on the success of our predecessor (Target Diffraction In Situ), we implemented a staged approach to platform development. First, we built a demonstration diagnostic (Gated Diffraction Development Diagnostic) with two hCMOS sensors to confirm we could adequately protect them from the harsh environment and also acquire acceptable diffraction data. This allowed the team to quickly assess the risks and address the most significant challenges. We also collected scientifically useful data during development. Leveraging what we learned, we recently developed a much more ambitious instrument (Flexible Imaging Diffraction Diagnostic for Laser Experiments) that can field up to eight hCMOS sensors in a flexible geometry and participate in back-to-back shots at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The design also allows for future iterations, such as faster hCMOS sensors and an embedded x-ray streak camera. The enhanced capabilities of the new instrument required a much more complex design, and the unexpected issues encountered on the first few shots at NIF remind us that complexity has consequences. Our progress in addressing these challenges is described herein, as is our current focus on improving data quality by reducing x-ray background and quantifying the uncertainties of our diffraction measurements.
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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