关系型还是面向对象型?两种当代本体论之间的对话

IF 0.3 0 PHILOSOPHY
Adrian Razvan Sandru
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引用次数: 0

摘要

格雷厄姆-哈曼(Graham Harman)的 "面向对象的本体论"(OOO)强调了对象的自主性,认为存在着一种抽离的剩余,它拒绝被还原为其部分或部分之和。然而,哈曼的框架面临着概念上的矛盾,包括在调和认识论与本体论维度、解释复合对象的形成以及为经验上无法触及的对象赋予确定性特征等方面的挑战。我认为,这些问题的出现主要是由于哈曼过于执着于一个被撤回的实质性对象核心。为了解决这些问题,我建议转向让-吕克-南希的后现象学唯物主义和阿兰-巴迪欧的数学现实主义。南希和巴迪欧都为哈曼的实体论核心提供了替代方案,强调事物的局部性、与语境相关的同一性,而这种同一性描述的是每个事物所涉及或可能涉及的无尽广阔的关系和情境中的一个有限领域。因此,它们解释了每一事物的存在剩余,从而解释了它们在本体论上的自主性,而无需诉诸实质基础。我认为,这种对关系友好的多元论解释避免了哈曼的 OOO 所遇到的概念问题。最后,我强调 OOO 的价值在于倡导本体论平等,避免出现特权行动者或中心化话语。因此,哈曼、南希和巴迪欧之间的对话试图在关系框架内推进多元本体论的可能性,将OOO的视角与后现象学理论相结合,探索关系性的复杂性,而不诉诸于非关系性的底层。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Relational or Object-Oriented? A Dialogue between Two Contemporary Ontologies
Graham Harman’s Object-Oriented Ontology (OOO) emphasizes the autonomy of objects, positing a withdrawn surplus of being that resists reduction to its parts or the sum of its parts. However, Harman’s framework faces conceptual tensions, including challenges in reconciling epistemological and ontological dimensions, explaining the formation of compound objects, and ascribing determinate features to experientially inaccessible objects. I argue that these issues arise mostly due to Harman’s over-commitment to a withdrawn substantial core of objects. To address these issues, I propose turning to Jean-Luc Nancy’s post-phenomenological materialism and Alain Badiou’s mathematical realism. Both Nancy and Badiou offer alternatives to Harman’s substantialist core, emphasizing a local, contextually bound identity of things, which describes a restricted domain from the endlessly broader horizon of relations and situations in which each thing is or can be involved. They thus account for the surplus of being in each thing and consequently their ontological autonomy without recourse to a substantive grounding. I argue such a relational-friendly account of pluralism avoids the conceptual issues Harman’s OOO runs into. Lastly, I emphasize the value of OOO as an advocate for ontological equality that seeks to avoid the emergence of privileged actors or centralized discourse. This dialogue between Harman, Nancy, and Badiou thus seeks to advance the possibility of pluralistic ontologies within relational frameworks, combining the perspectives of OOO with post-phenomenological theories to explore the complexities of relationality without recourse to non-relational substrata.
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来源期刊
Open Philosophy
Open Philosophy Arts and Humanities-Philosophy
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
20.00%
发文量
25
审稿时长
15 weeks
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