A multi-country survey on sanitation systems in underserved urban settlements in the Melanesian Pacific region

Safe and enduring water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) for all is the key target of Sustainable Development Goal 6. Despite progress in global WASH monitoring to support SDG 6, significant data gaps persist, especially in urban informal settlements in the Melanesian Pacific Region. This study aimed to improve understanding of existing sanitation systems, residents’ preferences, and climate hazard exposure in these areas. Household surveys were conducted with 393 households in Suva (Fiji) and Port Vila (Vanuatu). Water availability for sanitation was high in Suva (99%) and Port Vila (70%), with noted improvements in sanitation superstructure. However, dry pits without slabs remain significant (15%) in Port Vila. The preference for water-based systems highlights the need for a resilient sanitation service chain, including adequate faecal sludge management, which was problematic in both locations. Reports of climate-driven hazard damage were more frequent in Vanuatu, with one in three respondents reporting impacts on their sanitation services.