有异质家庭的瓶颈拥堵和城市空间结构:均衡、容量扩展和拥堵收费

IF 5.7 1区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Zhi-Chun Li , De-Ping Yu , André de Palma
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们提出了一个可分析求解的模型,用于在存在瓶颈拥堵的线性单中心城市走廊中进行家庭居住地点选择。家庭在收入方面是异质的。瓶颈位于市中心和邻近郊区之间。城市均衡被表述为微分方程的解。我们通过分析探讨了瓶颈扩容对家庭的分配效应,以及不收费、第一最优收费和第二最优收费条件下的瓶颈扩容投资问题。结果表明,不同收入家庭从瓶颈扩容中获得的收益随收费方案的变化而变化。具体而言,在不收费和第一最优收费方案下,收益最大的分别是居住在瓶颈处和郊区(靠近瓶颈处)的中等收入家庭,而收益最小的则是最贫穷或最富有的家庭。在退而求其次的情况下,有两种可能的情况:最贫穷的家庭收益最大,而最富有的家庭收益最小;或者居住在瓶颈处的中等收入家庭收益最大,而最富有或最贫穷的家庭收益最小。在容量投资的规模收益不变的情况下,自筹资金原则在城市空间背景下对最优和次优收费仍然适用。忽略家庭搬迁导致的城市空间结构变化,在不收费的情况下,可能会导致对最优瓶颈容量的过度投资或投资不足,但在第一最优和第二最优收费的情况下,肯定会导致投资不足。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bottleneck congestion and urban spatial structure with heterogeneous households: Equilibrium, capacity expansion and congestion tolling

We propose an analytical solvable model for household residential location choice in a linear monocentric city corridor with bottleneck congestion. Households are heterogeneous in terms of their income. The bottleneck is located between central downtown and adjacent suburb. The urban equilibrium is formulated as the solution of differential equations. We analytically explore the distributional effects of bottleneck capacity expansion on households and the bottleneck capacity investment issues under no toll and first-best and second-best tolls. The results show that the benefits of different-income households from bottleneck capacity expansion change with toll schemes. Specifically, under the no toll and first-best toll, those who gain most are the mid-income households residing at the bottleneck and in a suburban location (close to the bottleneck) respectively, whereas those who gain least are the poorest or richest households. Under the second-best toll, there are two possible cases: the poorest households gain most while the richest households gain least, or the mid-income households residing at the bottleneck gain most while the richest or poorest households gain least. With constant return to scale for capacity investment, self-financing principle still holds for the first-best and second-best tolling in the urban spatial context. Ignoring the changes in urban spatial structure due to household relocation may cause overinvestment or underinvestment in optimal bottleneck capacity under the no toll, but definitely underinvestment under the first-best and second-best tolls.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.60
自引率
4.80%
发文量
64
期刊介绍: The Journal of Urban Economics provides a focal point for the publication of research papers in the rapidly expanding field of urban economics. It publishes papers of great scholarly merit on a wide range of topics and employing a wide range of approaches to urban economics. The Journal welcomes papers that are theoretical or empirical, positive or normative. Although the Journal is not intended to be multidisciplinary, papers by noneconomists are welcome if they are of interest to economists. Brief Notes are also published if they lie within the purview of the Journal and if they contain new information, comment on published work, or new theoretical suggestions.
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