PSV-14 氰氨化钙对温室气体、氨排放和奶牛泻湖水微生物群的影响

IF 2.7 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI:10.1093/jas/skae234.585

Alice Rocha, Briana Morales, Hamed El Mashad, Yuee Pan, Yongjing Zhao, Frank M Mitloehner

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在加利福尼亚，奶牛粪便管理造成了大量温室气体排放（GHG）。除了重新设计基础设施以采用替代性粪便管理系统外，农民在没有大量资金投入的情况下几乎没有减少排放的选择。氰氨化钙是一种新型粪便添加剂，应用于新鲜奶牛泥浆时可显著减少温室气体排放，但尚未在奶牛泻湖水中进行过测试。本研究旨在调查氰氨化钙对温室气体和 NH3 排放以及奶牛沼气池水微生物组的影响。从一家商业乳品厂收集泻湖水，并将其分装到 12 个不锈钢桶中。测试了三种不同剂量氰氨化钙的处理（n = 4/处理）：高剂量（LW-HD；1 kg/m3 泻湖水）、低剂量（LW-LD；0.5 kg/m3 泻湖水）和不含氰氨化钙的对照组（LW-CONT；n = 4）。使用 OdoFlux 监测二氧化碳 (CO2)、甲烷 (CH4)、一氧化二氮 (N2O) 和氨 (NH3) 排放的室，在两个 14 天的时间内对每个桶进行采样，每次采样四个桶，交错进行。与 LW-CONT 相比，LW-LD 和 LW-HD 处理的总固体、总氮和总碳含量明显更高。与 LW-CONT 相比，LW-LD 和 LW-HD 处理中的乙酸浓度也明显更高。LW-LD 和 LW-HD 的二氧化碳排放量分别比 LW-CONT 少 2.96% 和 12.03%。与 LW-CONT 相比，LW-LD 和 LW-HD 的 CH4 排放量分别减少了 80.9% 和 85.13%。与 LW-CONT 相比，LW-LD 和 LW-HD 的 N2O 排放量分别减少了 81.1% 和 82.66%。然而，与 LW-CONT 相比，LW-LD 和 LW-HD 的 NH3 通量分别增加了 65.26% 和 65.73%。泻湖水中的微生物组也受到了影响，在 LW-LD 和 LW-HD 中，负责硝化的变形菌门的相对丰度降低，而含有醋酸菌的固着菌门的相对丰度增加。氰氨化钙可通过增加与甲烷菌竞争发酵底物的产乙酸菌来抑制甲烷生成。需要进一步研究氰氨化钙在商业泻湖环境中的功效。

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PSV-14 The effects of calcium cyanamide on greenhouse gases, ammonia emissions, and the microbiome of dairy cattle lagoon water

Dairy manure management is responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in California. Aside from redesigning infrastructure to adopt alternative manure management systems, there are few options available to farmers to mitigate emissions without substantial financial investment. Calcium cyanamide, a new manure additive, showed significant reductions in GHG emissions when applied to fresh dairy cow slurry, but has not been tested on dairy lagoon water. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of calcium cyanamide on GHG and NH3 emissions and the microbiome of dairy lagoon water. Lagoon water was collected from a commercial dairy, and distributed into 12 stainless steel barrels. Three treatments (n = 4/treatment) of different doses of calcium cyanamide were tested: high (LW-HD; 1 kg/m3 lagoon water), low (LW-LD; 0.5 kg/m3 lagoon water), and control with no calcium cyanamide (LW-CONT; n = 4). Each barrel was sampled over two, 14-d periods, staggered to four barrels at a time, using OdoFlux chambers to monitor emissions for carbon dioxide (CO2,), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3). Treatments LW-LD and LW-HD contained significantly more total solids, total nitrogen and total carbon compared with LW-CONT. There was also a significantly greater concentration of acetic acid in LW-LD and LW-HD treatments compared with LW-CONT. CO2 emissions in LW-LD and LW-HD were 2.96% and 12.03% less than LW-CONT. CH4 emissions in LW-LD and LW-HD were 80.9% and 85.13% less compared with LW-CONT. N2O emissions in LW-LD and LW-HD were 81.1% and 82.66% less than LW-CONT. However, NH3 fluxes were greater in LW-LD and LW-HD compared with LW-CONT by 65.26% and 65.73%, respectively. The microbiome of the lagoon water was also affected, with reductions in relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum responsible for nitrification in LW-LD and LW-HD and increases in the Firmicutes phylum containing acetogenic bacteria. Calcium cyanamide could inhibit methanogenesis by increasing acetogenic bacteria that compete with methanogens for fermentation substrates. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of calcium cyanamide in a commercial lagoon setting.

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.