Effects of aerobic exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation on quality of life in pediatric asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background

Pediatric asthma poses a significant global health burden, impacting the well-being and daily lives of affected children. Aerobic exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation emerges as a promising intervention to address the multifaceted challenges faced by pediatric asthma patients.

Objectives

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation on pulmonary function and quality of life in pediatric asthma patients.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving pediatric participants (5–18 years) were included. Aerobic exercise program-based pulmonary rehabilitation interventions were assessed for their impact on actual and percentage predicted values of lung volumes and flow rates such as forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum mid-expiratory flow (FEF25–75), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, and on quality of life (QoL) measures. A systematic search of databases, hand-searching, and consultation with experts identified relevant studies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines guided study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment.

Results

The systematic review included 20 studies with diverse exercise interventions and outcomes. The meta-analysis using fixed-effects model showed that there was a significant improvement in FVC (% predicted) [SMD= 0.30, 95 %CI: 0.13, 0.48] and FEF25–75 (% predicted) [SMD= 0.31, 95 %CI: 0.03, 0.58] in the experimental group compared with the control group. Furthermore, using a random-effects model involving 12 studies, significant increases in the QoL [SMD= 0.70, 95 %CI: 0.14, 1.26] were found in the exercise group. Due to inter-study heterogeneity, additional analyses were conducted. Publication bias analysis indicated robustness, with no significant asymmetry in funnel plots.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise-based pulmonary rehabilitation significantly enhances pulmonary function and quality of life in pediatric asthma patients. The findings, supported by improvements in FVC and FEF25–75, demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions. Quality of life measures also showed notable improvements. Despite inter-study heterogeneity, the results are robust, suggesting that aerobic exercise should be considered a valuable non-pharmacological strategy in managing pediatric asthma.