{"title":"用从锂离子电池中回收的 EMD 纳米棒制造用于超级电容器的 PPy 复合材料","authors":"Erhan Karaca, Nuran Özçiçek Pekmez, Kadir Pekmez","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-13462-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polypyrrole/electrolytic manganese dioxide (PPy/EMD) composite is fabricated electrochemically on a stainless-steel mesh (SSM) surface in acetonitrile containing EMD nanorods and pyrrole monomer as a supercapacitor anode electrode material. EMD is recovered with an efficiency of 96.2% from a methanesulfonic acid leached solution of spent Li-ion batteries using an iridium-tantalum-coated titanium anode. The composite-coated electrode is characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) by comparison with those of its components: the electrode with a mass loading of 10 mg.cm<sup>-2</sup> has the highest specific capacitance (72 F g<sup>-1</sup>) and pseudocapacitive contribution (95% at 50 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) and the lowest resistance (1.85 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>). Spectroscopic studies of the composite coating are carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the morphological and structural analyses are performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EMD nanoparticles with ε-MnO<sub>2</sub> and oxygen-deficient structure are homogeneously distributed in the composite at 8.4 wt% and encapsulated within the growing PPy clusters. Thus, due to the pseudocapacitive behavior, EMD recovered from batteries contributes significantly to the capacitance of the composite. PPy/EMD- and C- coated electrodes are combined in polyvinyl alcohol/Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> gel electrolyte to construct an asymmetric supercapacitor cell: it has a 23.2 Wh.kg<sup>-1</sup> energy density and a 0.31 kW.kg<sup>-1</sup> power density at 0.50 A.g<sup>-1</sup> from the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) test. After 5000 cycles, cycle life is 74.0% with a coulombic efficiency of 77.7%.</p>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Fabrication of a PPy composite with EMD nanorods recovered from Li-ion batteries for supercapacitor\",\"authors\":\"Erhan Karaca, Nuran Özçiçek Pekmez, Kadir Pekmez\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10854-024-13462-y\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Polypyrrole/electrolytic manganese dioxide (PPy/EMD) composite is fabricated electrochemically on a stainless-steel mesh (SSM) surface in acetonitrile containing EMD nanorods and pyrrole monomer as a supercapacitor anode electrode material. EMD is recovered with an efficiency of 96.2% from a methanesulfonic acid leached solution of spent Li-ion batteries using an iridium-tantalum-coated titanium anode. The composite-coated electrode is characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) by comparison with those of its components: the electrode with a mass loading of 10 mg.cm<sup>-2</sup> has the highest specific capacitance (72 F g<sup>-1</sup>) and pseudocapacitive contribution (95% at 50 mV s<sup>-1</sup>) and the lowest resistance (1.85 Ω cm<sup>2</sup>). Spectroscopic studies of the composite coating are carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the morphological and structural analyses are performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EMD nanoparticles with ε-MnO<sub>2</sub> and oxygen-deficient structure are homogeneously distributed in the composite at 8.4 wt% and encapsulated within the growing PPy clusters. Thus, due to the pseudocapacitive behavior, EMD recovered from batteries contributes significantly to the capacitance of the composite. PPy/EMD- and C- coated electrodes are combined in polyvinyl alcohol/Li<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> gel electrolyte to construct an asymmetric supercapacitor cell: it has a 23.2 Wh.kg<sup>-1</sup> energy density and a 0.31 kW.kg<sup>-1</sup> power density at 0.50 A.g<sup>-1</sup> from the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) test. After 5000 cycles, cycle life is 74.0% with a coulombic efficiency of 77.7%.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":646,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-05\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13462-y\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-13462-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
聚吡咯/电解二氧化锰(PPy/EMD)复合材料是在含有 EMD 纳米棒和吡咯单体的乙腈中通过电化学方法在不锈钢网(SSM)表面制成的超级电容器阳极电极材料。使用铱钽涂层钛阳极,从废锂离子电池的甲磺酸浸出液中回收 EMD 的效率高达 96.2%。使用电化学阻抗光谱(EIS)和循环伏安法(CV)对复合涂层电极进行了表征,并将其与其组分进行了比较:质量负载为 10 mg.cm-2 的电极具有最高的比电容(72 F g-1)和伪电容贡献率(50 mV s-1 时为 95%),以及最低的电阻(1.85 Ω cm2)。利用能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDX)和 X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)对复合涂层进行了光谱研究,并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和 X 射线衍射(XRD)进行了形态和结构分析。具有ε-MnO2和缺氧结构的EMD纳米粒子均匀地分布在复合材料中,含量为8.4 wt%,并被包裹在不断生长的PPy团簇中。因此,由于假电容行为,从电池中回收的 EMD 对复合材料的电容贡献很大。PPy/EMD- 和 C- 涂层电极在聚乙烯醇/硫酸亚铁凝胶电解质中结合在一起,形成了一种非对称超级电容器电池:通过电静态充放电(GCD)测试,该电池的能量密度为 23.2 Wh.kg-1,0.50 A.g-1 时的功率密度为 0.31 kW.kg-1。经过 5000 次循环后,循环寿命为 74.0%,库仑效率为 77.7%。
Fabrication of a PPy composite with EMD nanorods recovered from Li-ion batteries for supercapacitor
Polypyrrole/electrolytic manganese dioxide (PPy/EMD) composite is fabricated electrochemically on a stainless-steel mesh (SSM) surface in acetonitrile containing EMD nanorods and pyrrole monomer as a supercapacitor anode electrode material. EMD is recovered with an efficiency of 96.2% from a methanesulfonic acid leached solution of spent Li-ion batteries using an iridium-tantalum-coated titanium anode. The composite-coated electrode is characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) by comparison with those of its components: the electrode with a mass loading of 10 mg.cm-2 has the highest specific capacitance (72 F g-1) and pseudocapacitive contribution (95% at 50 mV s-1) and the lowest resistance (1.85 Ω cm2). Spectroscopic studies of the composite coating are carried out using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while the morphological and structural analyses are performed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). EMD nanoparticles with ε-MnO2 and oxygen-deficient structure are homogeneously distributed in the composite at 8.4 wt% and encapsulated within the growing PPy clusters. Thus, due to the pseudocapacitive behavior, EMD recovered from batteries contributes significantly to the capacitance of the composite. PPy/EMD- and C- coated electrodes are combined in polyvinyl alcohol/Li2SO4 gel electrolyte to construct an asymmetric supercapacitor cell: it has a 23.2 Wh.kg-1 energy density and a 0.31 kW.kg-1 power density at 0.50 A.g-1 from the galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) test. After 5000 cycles, cycle life is 74.0% with a coulombic efficiency of 77.7%.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics is an established refereed companion to the Journal of Materials Science. It publishes papers on materials and their applications in modern electronics, covering the ground between fundamental science, such as semiconductor physics, and work concerned specifically with applications. It explores the growth and preparation of new materials, as well as their processing, fabrication, bonding and encapsulation, together with the reliability, failure analysis, quality assurance and characterization related to the whole range of applications in electronics. The Journal presents papers in newly developing fields such as low dimensional structures and devices, optoelectronics including III-V compounds, glasses and linear/non-linear crystal materials and lasers, high Tc superconductors, conducting polymers, thick film materials and new contact technologies, as well as the established electronics device and circuit materials.