The convergence of bioelectronics and engineered living materials

Emulating nature’s living properties in functional materials is a crucial step toward creating adaptive and self-regulating systems capable of integration with biological tissues. In this perspective, we first investigate the various strategies employed in the field of bioelectronics and engineered living materials to replicate nature's living functionalities. Then, we explore the convergence of bioelectronics and engineered living materials, highlighting an approach called living bioelectronics. We posit that merging these two fields can enable the creation of robust, adaptable devices that replicate the dynamic functionalities of living systems. Living bioelectronics integrate the strength of both disciplines while complementing their weaknesses, heralding opportunities for biosensing, personalized therapies, and applications beyond healthcare.