通过重新审视现代化理论解释自由民主的光明前景

IF 0.5 Q4 DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
Denis Danilenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

许多人认为,自由民主目前正受到冲击。这种观点导致人们认为现代化理论是一种谬论,因为经济发展指标显示,专制经济体继续增长。本研究对这一观点提出质疑,并试图更新现代化理论。我们认为,并非像最初提出的那样,经济发展是自由民主的必要条件,经济自由化才是。只有在经济自由化的同时,经济发展才会诱发民主化。之所以会出现这种现象,是因为正如经典的现代化理论所表明的那样,自由市场条件下的经济发展伴随着经济自由化,不仅会产生社会经济后果,还会产生制度性结果,如对政治权力的法律约束。为了更新现代化理论,我们建议重新审视其他先决条件。社会现代化假定教育水平会提高,世俗化会改变人们对政治权力和以社会为中心(非自由主义)的价值观的态度,这将成为民主化的先决条件。通信技术的现代化使人们更加独立于政府,从而对国家产生更大的影响。因此,它起到了民主化的作用。最后,生态现代化,尤其是能源市场的现代化,将直接影响到租借者的专制主义,因此具有重要的民主化作用。这些先决条件不仅显示出积极的趋势,而且表明它们将继续发展,因此可以得出结论,民主的前景是光明的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Bright Future of Liberal Democracy Explained through Revisited Modernization Theory
Many think that liberal democracy is currently under attack. This view leads to considering modernization theory as a fallacy because economic development indicators show that authoritarian economies continue to grow. This study challenges this idea and attempts to update modernization theory. We argue that not mere economic development is a requirement of liberal democracy, as initially advanced, but economic liberalization is. Economic development induces democratization only if it is accompanied by economic liberalization. This phenomenon occurs because economic development in free-market terms, accompanied by economic liberalization, not only produces socioeconomic consequences, as shown by classic modernization theory, but also institutional outcomes, such as legal restraints on political power. To update modernization theory, we propose revisiting other prerequisites. Social modernization supposes that education levels will increase, and secularization will change attitudes toward political power and sociocentered (non-liberal) values, which will serve as a prerequisite for democratization. The modernization of communication technologies makes people more independent of the government, which gives them more influence over the state. Thus, it plays a democratizing role. Finally, ecological modernization, particularly energy market modernization, will have a significant democratizing role because it will directly affect rentiers’ authoritarianism. These prerequisites not only demonstrate positive trends but also suggest that they continue to progress, which makes it possible to conclude that democracy has a bright future.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
25
期刊介绍: Perspectives on Global Development and Technology (PGDT) is a peer-reviewed journal for the discussion of current social sciences research on diverse socio-economic development issues that reflect the opportunities and threats brought about by the world order shift from bipolar to global, the present economic liberalization that constricts development options, and the new enabling technologies of the Information Age. A founding principle of PGDT is that all people are entitled to scientific and technological knowledge to promote human development. PGDT is the international forum where the questions associated with this endeavour are thoroughly examinated and clearly communicated.
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