地球系统科学的整体视角

IF 6 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Yongfei Zheng, Zhengtang Guo, Nianzhi Jiao, Mu Mu, Shilong Piao, Suiyan Fu, Dinghui Yang, Maoyan Zhu
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引用次数: 0

摘要

地球系统可分为三个部分,即固体地球系统、地表地球系统和日地空间系统。这三个子系统不仅在能量和物质上存在相互传递和耦合关系,而且涉及从微观到宏观的多个尺度。地球系统科学的特点是全局性和统一性,在空间和时间的多个尺度上具有整体观和系统观。它不仅关注不同地球圈之间的物理、化学和生物相互作用,而且关注整个地球及其圈层的属性、行为、过程和机制。虽然对这三个子系统内部规律的研究已经取得了重大进展,但对其整体行为和个体之间的相互作用仍然认识不足,因此面临着不同类型和层次的挑战。固体地球系统由地壳、地幔和地核组成。现有的观测技术难以深入地幔,给直接观测和数据获取带来困难;地球内部的高温、高压、强磁场等极端环境也给观测设备和科学实验带来巨大挑战。地球表层系统是一个开放的复杂巨系统,其各圈层(如大气圈、水圈、生物圈、土壤圈和岩石圈)之间存在复杂的相互作用和反馈机制,导致人们难以理解其整体行为和长期演化。生物活动对地表地球系统的影响日益显著。地球内部和外部系统之间的耦合变得更加复杂。区分和量化地球球面相互作用和生物活动对地球表面系统的影响是一项重大挑战。太阳-地球空间系统涉及多个物理过程,如太阳活动、地球磁场、大气层和空间天气。太阳活动对地球空间环境有重大影响,但现有的观测和重建方法以及预测模型仍然缺乏精确性和时效性。因此,提高太阳活动的预测能力,减少空间气象灾害的影响非常重要。如何跨越不同尺度,建立多种物理过程的耦合模型,是日地空间系统研究面临的重大挑战。由于这三个地球子系统内部和之间的各种过程和现象往往跨越空间和时间的多个尺度,并表现出强烈的非线性特征,因此对其行为和过程的理解变得复杂多变,给理论建模和数值模拟带来了巨大挑战。因此,地球系统科学的研究需要多学科的深度融合,共同揭示地球系统的基本规律和运行机制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A holistic perspective on Earth system science

Earth system can be categorized into three parts, solid Earth system, surface Earth system, and Sun-Earth space system. These three subsystems not only have mutual transmission and coupling relationships in both energy and matter but also involve multiple scales from microscopic to macroscopic. Earth system science is characterized by its globality and unity with a holistic view and a systematic view at multiple scales in both space and time. It focuses not only on the physical, chemical and biological interactions between various geospheres but also on the properties, behaviors, processes, and mechanisms of the entire Earth and its spheres. Although significant progress has been made in the study of internal disciplines of these three subsystems, there is still insufficient understanding of their overall behavior and interactions between individuals, thus facing challenges of different types and levels. The solid Earth system is composed of the crust, mantle, and core. Existing observational techniques struggle to penetrate deep into the mantle, making direct observation and data acquisition difficult; the extreme environments within Earth, such as high temperature, high pressure, and strong magnetic fields, also pose great challenges to observational equipment and scientific experiments. The surface Earth system is an open complex mega-system, in which there are complex interactions and feedback mechanisms among its geospheres (such as atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere and lithosphere), leading to difficulties in understanding of its overall behavior and long-term evolution. Biological activities have become increasingly significant in affecting the surface Earth system. The coupling between the internal and external Earth systems becomes more complex. Distinguishing and quantifying the impacts of Earth spherical interactions and biological activities on the surface Earth system is a major challenge. The Sun-Earth space system involves multiple physical processes such as solar activity, Earth’s magnetic field, atmosphere, and space weather. Solar activity significantly affects the Earth’s space environment, but existing observational and reconstruction methods and prediction models still lack precision and timeliness. Thus it is important to improve the prediction capability of solar activity and reduce the impact of space weather disasters. How to cross different scales and establish coupled models of multiple physical processes is a significant challenge in the study of the Sun-Earth space system. Because the various processes and phenomena within and between these three Earth subsystems often span multiple scales in both space and time and exhibit strong nonlinear characteristics, understanding their behaviors and processes becomes complex and variable, posing great challenges for theoretical modelling and numerical simulation. Therefore, the study of Earth system science requires in-depth interdisciplinary integration to jointly reveal the basic laws and operating mechanisms of Earth system.

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来源期刊
Science China Earth Sciences
Science China Earth Sciences GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
5.30%
发文量
135
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Science China Earth Sciences, an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and published by Science China Press, is committed to publishing high-quality, original results in both basic and applied research.
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