{"title":"电渣重熔法生产的工业级美国钢铁协会 M35 高速钢中碳化物的演变行为研究","authors":"Wei Liang, Jing Li, Jiahao Li, Jian Chai","doi":"10.1002/srin.202400292","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to optimize the heating schedule before forging and improve the breaking and deformation effects of carbides in high-speed steel, it is of great significance to study the transformation of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides at high temperatures. The evolution of carbides in the industrial-grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 steel produced by electroslag remelting (ESR) is analyzed and observed using thermodynamic calculations and experimental methods. The results indicate that the carbides in the ESR ingot are mainly MC and M<sub>2</sub>C, and the microstructures of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides with the highest volume fraction are lamellar and brain like. As the heating temperature increases and holding time prolongs, the lamellar M<sub>2</sub>C carbides gradually transform into MC and M<sub>6</sub>C carbides, accompanied by protrusion, dissolution, separation, and spheroidization of the microstructure, until significant coarsening occurs at 1180 °C for 90 min. The newly transformed carbides are embedded and stacked with each other, occupying the original position of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides. Based on the theories of Gibbs free energy and atomic diffusion, the evolution mechanism of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides is discussed. Ultimately, the appropriate heating schedule is proposed, and it is validated by combining the characteristics of carbides after forging.</p>","PeriodicalId":21929,"journal":{"name":"steel research international","volume":"95 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Study on Evolution Behavior of Carbides in Industrial-Grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 High-Speed Steel Produced by Electroslag Remelting\",\"authors\":\"Wei Liang, Jing Li, Jiahao Li, Jian Chai\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/srin.202400292\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>In order to optimize the heating schedule before forging and improve the breaking and deformation effects of carbides in high-speed steel, it is of great significance to study the transformation of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides at high temperatures. The evolution of carbides in the industrial-grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 steel produced by electroslag remelting (ESR) is analyzed and observed using thermodynamic calculations and experimental methods. The results indicate that the carbides in the ESR ingot are mainly MC and M<sub>2</sub>C, and the microstructures of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides with the highest volume fraction are lamellar and brain like. As the heating temperature increases and holding time prolongs, the lamellar M<sub>2</sub>C carbides gradually transform into MC and M<sub>6</sub>C carbides, accompanied by protrusion, dissolution, separation, and spheroidization of the microstructure, until significant coarsening occurs at 1180 °C for 90 min. The newly transformed carbides are embedded and stacked with each other, occupying the original position of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides. Based on the theories of Gibbs free energy and atomic diffusion, the evolution mechanism of M<sub>2</sub>C carbides is discussed. Ultimately, the appropriate heating schedule is proposed, and it is validated by combining the characteristics of carbides after forging.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":21929,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"steel research international\",\"volume\":\"95 12\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"steel research international\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/srin.202400292\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"steel research international","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/srin.202400292","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
Study on Evolution Behavior of Carbides in Industrial-Grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 High-Speed Steel Produced by Electroslag Remelting
In order to optimize the heating schedule before forging and improve the breaking and deformation effects of carbides in high-speed steel, it is of great significance to study the transformation of M2C carbides at high temperatures. The evolution of carbides in the industrial-grade American Iron and Steel Institute M35 steel produced by electroslag remelting (ESR) is analyzed and observed using thermodynamic calculations and experimental methods. The results indicate that the carbides in the ESR ingot are mainly MC and M2C, and the microstructures of M2C carbides with the highest volume fraction are lamellar and brain like. As the heating temperature increases and holding time prolongs, the lamellar M2C carbides gradually transform into MC and M6C carbides, accompanied by protrusion, dissolution, separation, and spheroidization of the microstructure, until significant coarsening occurs at 1180 °C for 90 min. The newly transformed carbides are embedded and stacked with each other, occupying the original position of M2C carbides. Based on the theories of Gibbs free energy and atomic diffusion, the evolution mechanism of M2C carbides is discussed. Ultimately, the appropriate heating schedule is proposed, and it is validated by combining the characteristics of carbides after forging.
期刊介绍:
steel research international is a journal providing a forum for the publication of high-quality manuscripts in areas ranging from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering as well as process control and testing. The emphasis is on steel and on materials involved in steelmaking and the processing of steel, such as refractories and slags.
steel research international welcomes manuscripts describing basic scientific research as well as industrial research. The journal received a further increased, record-high Impact Factor of 1.522 (2018 Journal Impact Factor, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate Analytics, 2019)).
The journal was formerly well known as "Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen" and "steel research"; with effect from January 1, 2006, the former "Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy" merged with Steel Research International.
Hot Topics:
-Steels for Automotive Applications
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