目标-分隔符相似性可预测视觉搜索效率,但仅限于高度相似的特征

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY
Angus F. Chapman, Viola S. Störmer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

注意力选择的一个主要制约因素是目标物和干扰物之间的相似性。当相似度较低时,可以快速有效地识别目标项,而相似度较高时,处理速度会付出很大代价。视觉搜索模型将快速、高效的并行处理阶段与缓慢的串行处理阶段进行对比,在串行处理阶段,搜索时间受到显示屏中干扰物数量的强烈调节。最近的研究尤其认为,搜索斜率的大小应与目标-分散物相似度成反比。在这里,我们评估了目标--分散物相似度与搜索斜率之间的关系。在我们的视觉搜索任务中,被试在分散注意力的物体中检测出一个奇异颜色的目标(实验 1 & 2)或辨别奇异颜色三角形的方向(实验 3)。我们系统地改变了目标物和干扰物颜色之间的相似度(沿着一个圆形的 CIELAB 色轮)以及搜索阵列中干扰物的数量,发现对数搜索斜率与阵列中的项目数量成反比。令人惊讶的是,我们还发现,对于极其相似(色彩空间≤20°)的目标物和干扰物,搜索效率很高(即斜率接近零)。这些发现表明,视觉搜索在不同的处理阶段都会受到目标-分散物相似性的系统性影响。重要的是,我们发现,尽管知觉相似度很高,但搜索效率却很高,而且完全不受干扰物数量的影响,这与一般认为高相似度必然导致缓慢和连续搜索行为的假设截然不同。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Target–distractor similarity predicts visual search efficiency but only for highly similar features

Target–distractor similarity predicts visual search efficiency but only for highly similar features

A major constraining factor for attentional selection is the similarity between targets and distractors. When similarity is low, target items can be identified quickly and efficiently, whereas high similarity can incur large costs on processing speed. Models of visual search contrast a fast, efficient parallel stage with a slow serial processing stage where search times are strongly modulated by the number of distractors in the display. In particular, recent work has argued that the magnitude of search slopes should be inversely proportional to target–distractor similarity. Here, we assessed the relationship between target–distractor similarity and search slopes. In our visual search tasks, participants detected an oddball color target among distractors (Experiments 1 & 2) or discriminated the direction of a triangle in the oddball color (Experiment 3). We systematically varied the similarity between target and distractor colors (along a circular CIELAB color wheel) and the number of distractors in the search array, finding logarithmic search slopes that were inversely proportional to the number of items in the array. Surprisingly, we also found that searches were highly efficient (i.e., near-zero slopes) for targets and distractors that were extremely similar (≤20° in color space). These findings indicate that visual search is systematically influenced by target–distractor similarity across different processing stages. Importantly, we found that search can be highly efficient and entirely unaffected by the number of distractors despite high perceptual similarity, in contrast to the general assumption that high similarity must lead to slow and serial search behavior.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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