{"title":"多功能 B/N/O 共掺多孔球形碳实现卓越的电容性能和 OER 活性","authors":"Manjula Pal, Soumitra Bhowmik and Mahasweta Nandi","doi":"10.1039/D4NJ02857K","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >A series of B, N and O-co-doped samples, <strong>CPFP-3/1</strong>, <strong>CPFP-2/1</strong> and <strong>CPFP-1/1</strong>, with spherical morphological features have been synthesized by carbonization of a polymer obtained by co-condensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine/formaldehyde/phloroglucinol (<strong>PFP</strong>) in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate. Boric acid (H<small><sub>3</sub></small>BO<small><sub>3</sub></small>) has been used here as an external doping agent to introduce B into the frameworks. To distinguish the properties of the B-doped samples from their undoped counterpart, another sample has been synthesized without the addition of H<small><sub>3</sub></small>BO<small><sub>3</sub></small> (<strong>CPFP-1/0</strong>). The materials have been thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All the samples possess a high specific surface area and are predominantly microporous in nature. The electrochemical behaviour of the samples has been studied thoroughly using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge studies and impedance spectroscopy in 1 M H<small><sub>2</sub></small>SO<small><sub>4</sub></small> electrolyte. The specific capacitances of all the samples are high with the values improving as the number of B-atoms (total heteroatoms) increases from <strong>CPFP-1/0</strong> to <strong>CPFP-3/1</strong>, <strong>CPFP-2/1</strong> and <strong>CPFP-1/1</strong> introducing pseudocapacitive behaviour. <strong>CPFP-1/1</strong> with 1 : 1 doping of the polymer with H<small><sub>3</sub></small>BO<small><sub>3</sub></small> is the best performer showing a specific capacitance of 977 F g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 1 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and 700 F g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 30 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> with a high discharge time. It has a notable specific energy density of 110 W h kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at a specific power of 449 W kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 1 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, performance-wise bridging the gap between supercapacitors and batteries. Additionally, beyond the potential window of supercapacitance (0–0.9 V), at higher voltage the material shows water splitting activity through the oxygen evolution reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":95,"journal":{"name":"New Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multifunctional B/N/O-co-doped porous spherical carbons to achieve superior capacitive performance with OER activity†\",\"authors\":\"Manjula Pal, Soumitra Bhowmik and Mahasweta Nandi\",\"doi\":\"10.1039/D4NJ02857K\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p >A series of B, N and O-co-doped samples, <strong>CPFP-3/1</strong>, <strong>CPFP-2/1</strong> and <strong>CPFP-1/1</strong>, with spherical morphological features have been synthesized by carbonization of a polymer obtained by co-condensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine/formaldehyde/phloroglucinol (<strong>PFP</strong>) in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate. Boric acid (H<small><sub>3</sub></small>BO<small><sub>3</sub></small>) has been used here as an external doping agent to introduce B into the frameworks. To distinguish the properties of the B-doped samples from their undoped counterpart, another sample has been synthesized without the addition of H<small><sub>3</sub></small>BO<small><sub>3</sub></small> (<strong>CPFP-1/0</strong>). The materials have been thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All the samples possess a high specific surface area and are predominantly microporous in nature. The electrochemical behaviour of the samples has been studied thoroughly using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge studies and impedance spectroscopy in 1 M H<small><sub>2</sub></small>SO<small><sub>4</sub></small> electrolyte. The specific capacitances of all the samples are high with the values improving as the number of B-atoms (total heteroatoms) increases from <strong>CPFP-1/0</strong> to <strong>CPFP-3/1</strong>, <strong>CPFP-2/1</strong> and <strong>CPFP-1/1</strong> introducing pseudocapacitive behaviour. <strong>CPFP-1/1</strong> with 1 : 1 doping of the polymer with H<small><sub>3</sub></small>BO<small><sub>3</sub></small> is the best performer showing a specific capacitance of 977 F g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 1 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> and 700 F g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 30 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small> with a high discharge time. It has a notable specific energy density of 110 W h kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at a specific power of 449 W kg<small><sup>−1</sup></small> at 1 A g<small><sup>−1</sup></small>, performance-wise bridging the gap between supercapacitors and batteries. Additionally, beyond the potential window of supercapacitance (0–0.9 V), at higher voltage the material shows water splitting activity through the oxygen evolution reaction.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":95,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"New Journal of Chemistry\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"New Journal of Chemistry\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"92\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/nj/d4nj02857k\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"化学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"New Journal of Chemistry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2024/nj/d4nj02857k","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
在原硅酸四乙酯存在下,通过对 1,4-苯二胺/甲醛/氯代葡萄糖醇(PFP)共缩合得到的聚合物进行碳化,合成了一系列掺杂 B、N 和 O 的样品 CPFP-3/1、CPFP-2/1 和 CPFP-1/1,这些样品具有球形形态特征。这里使用硼酸(H3BO3)作为外部掺杂剂,将硼引入框架中。为了区分掺 B 样品和未掺 B 样品的特性,还合成了另一种未添加 H3BO3 的样品(CPFP-1/0)。这些材料已通过粉末 X 射线衍射、氮吸附/解吸研究、扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线光电子能谱进行了全面表征。所有样品都具有很高的比表面积,并主要呈微孔状。在 1 M H2SO4 电解液中,使用循环伏安法、电静电荷放电研究和阻抗光谱法对样品的电化学行为进行了深入研究。从 CPFP-1/0、CPFP-3/1、CPFP-2/1 和 CPFP-1/1 到 CPFP-1/1,所有样品的比电容都很高,而且随着 B 原子(杂原子总数)的增加,比电容值也在增加,从而产生了假电容行为。CPFP-1/1 聚合物中 H3BO3 的掺杂比例为 1:1,其性能最佳,在 1 A/g 时的比电容为 977 F/g,在 30 A/g 时的比电容为 700 F/g,且放电时间较长。在 1 A/g 时,它的比能量密度为 110 Wh/kg,比功率为 449 W/kg,在性能上缩小了超级电容器和电池之间的差距。此外,在超级电容器的电位窗口(0 - 0.9 V)之外,该材料在较高电压下通过氧进化反应显示出水分裂活性。
Multifunctional B/N/O-co-doped porous spherical carbons to achieve superior capacitive performance with OER activity†
A series of B, N and O-co-doped samples, CPFP-3/1, CPFP-2/1 and CPFP-1/1, with spherical morphological features have been synthesized by carbonization of a polymer obtained by co-condensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine/formaldehyde/phloroglucinol (PFP) in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate. Boric acid (H3BO3) has been used here as an external doping agent to introduce B into the frameworks. To distinguish the properties of the B-doped samples from their undoped counterpart, another sample has been synthesized without the addition of H3BO3 (CPFP-1/0). The materials have been thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. All the samples possess a high specific surface area and are predominantly microporous in nature. The electrochemical behaviour of the samples has been studied thoroughly using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge studies and impedance spectroscopy in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The specific capacitances of all the samples are high with the values improving as the number of B-atoms (total heteroatoms) increases from CPFP-1/0 to CPFP-3/1, CPFP-2/1 and CPFP-1/1 introducing pseudocapacitive behaviour. CPFP-1/1 with 1 : 1 doping of the polymer with H3BO3 is the best performer showing a specific capacitance of 977 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 700 F g−1 at 30 A g−1 with a high discharge time. It has a notable specific energy density of 110 W h kg−1 at a specific power of 449 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1, performance-wise bridging the gap between supercapacitors and batteries. Additionally, beyond the potential window of supercapacitance (0–0.9 V), at higher voltage the material shows water splitting activity through the oxygen evolution reaction.