足球守门员的技术战术概况：年龄和竞技水平的影响

IF 1.5 4区教育学 Q3 HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI:10.1177/17479541241275914

Felix Kielkopf, Michael Keiner

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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究的目的是评估守门员的技术战术要求概况，并评估年龄和表现水平的影响。因此，研究人员分析了 213 场涉及精英青少年足球运动员（17 岁以下 [U17]、U19）、半职业球队（U23、德国第四级别联赛）和职业球队（德国第一和第二级别联赛）的联赛。门将在分球、空间防守和球门防守方面的动作由两名独立评分员使用预定义的分类系统进行定性记录，以确保检查的严谨性。进攻、空间防守和球门防守的动作分布是一致的，这表明无论年龄或竞技水平如何，都有很强的规律性。具体来说，进攻战术动作约占所有动作的 73-77%，空间防守占 13-15%，球门防守占 10-12%。这种一致性表明，尽管年龄和竞技水平存在差异，但 U17、U19、U23 和职业门将的技术要求基本一致。因此，应尽早让门将在压力下训练。在守门员训练中，应高度重视以压力下用脚踢球为重点的训练。

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The Technical-Tactical Profile of Soccer Goalkeepers: The Impact of age and Competitive Level

The aim of the study was to evaluate the technical-tactical requirements profile of goalkeepers and to assess the influence of age and performance level. Therefore, 213 league matches involving elite youth soccer players (under 17 years old [U17], U19), semi-professional (U23, Germany's 4th league), and professional teams (Germany's 1st and 2nd league) were analyzed. Goalkeeper actions related to distribution, space defense, and goal defense were qualitatively recorded using a predefined categorization system by two independent raters, ensuring rigorous examination. The distribution of actions across offensive play, space defense, and goal defense was consistent, indicating robust patterns regardless of age or competitive level. Specifically, offensive play actions constituted about 73–77% of all actions, space defense accounted for 13–15%, and goal defense comprised 10–12%. This uniformity suggests that despite variations in age and competitive levels, the technical requirements profiles of U17, U19, U23, and professional goalkeepers largely coincide. Consequently, goalkeepers should be introduced to building play under pressure as early as possible. Training focused on playing with the feet under pressure should hold a high priority in goalkeeper training.

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来源期刊

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching Multiple-

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

15.80%

发文量

208

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching is a peer-reviewed, international, academic/professional journal, which aims to bridge the gap between coaching and sports science. The journal will integrate theory and practice in sports science, promote critical reflection of coaching practice, and evaluate commonly accepted beliefs about coaching effectiveness and performance enhancement. Open learning systems will be promoted in which: (a) sports science is made accessible to coaches, translating knowledge into working practice; and (b) the challenges faced by coaches are communicated to sports scientists. The vision of the journal is to support the development of a community in which: (i) sports scientists and coaches respect and learn from each other as they assist athletes to acquire skills by training safely and effectively, thereby enhancing their performance, maximizing their enjoyment of the sporting experience and facilitating character development; and (ii) scientific research is embraced in the quest to uncover, understand and develop the processes involved in sports coaching and elite performance.