Effect of (r, q) Distribution on Ion Acoustic Waves in a Negative‐Ion Plasma With Application to Earth's Ionosphere

Ion acoustic waves (IAWs) are theoretically researched in a negative ion plasma (NIP) with warm light ions, cold heavy ions, and distributed electrons. The reductive perturbation method (RPM) is used to simplify two‐fluid plasma equations and the relevant ZK equation and solitary solution of IAWs are derived. Small‐k expansion method is applied to obtained the instability growth rate of IAWs. The flatness and tail parameters modify the amplitude, width, soliton energy, and instability growth rate. It is noted that the increscent flatness and tail parameters result in the increasing amplitude, width, and soliton energy. Increasing flatness and tail parameters lead to the decreasing growth rate. These results will be helpful in understanding the plasma dynamics for NIP system containing distributed electrons in Earth's ionosphere.