Predictors of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction after biventricular repair in interrupted aortic arch or aortic coarctation.

BACKGROUND Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) re-intervention is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) or interrupted aortic arch (IAA) after aortoplasty. METHODS This retrospective study analyzed data from neonates with IAA/CoA who underwent biventricular repair between 2012 and 2022. LVOTO events were defined by the detection of color Doppler flow acceleration ≥3.0 m/s at the valvular, subvalvular, or supravalvular regions via transthoracic echocardiography, and the necessity for surgical or catheter intervention to relieve the obstruction. RESULTS Among 121 neonates with CoA/IAA, 16 (13.7%) primary aortoplasty patients developed LVOTO. Additionally, one patient (25%) who underwent a staged Yasui operation developed LVOTO due to a narrowed ventricular septal defect-pulmonary atresia tunnel. During follow-up, 58% of patients with a bicuspid valve and 25% of patients with a subaortic ridge developed LVOTO. The combination of either a bicuspid valve, subaortic ridge, or an aortic valve annulus Z-score < -3.0 predicted a high re-intervention rate (7/8 [87.5%]). CONCLUSIONS In patients with IAA/CoA, the presence of multiple risk factors, including a bicuspid valve, subaortic ridge, and an aortic valve annulus Z-score < -3.0, is associated with a significantly increased rate of re-intervention for LVOTO.