法语联络是异形而非异音:来自词汇统计的证据

IF 1.5 0 LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS
Benjamin Storme
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引用次数: 0

摘要

法语联络音究竟是音素交替还是形态交替,目前仍有争议。从语音学的角度分析,联络音是一种异音:联络辅音是一种特殊的音素,它在辅音异音和零音之间交替出现(例如,[t] ∼ ∅),零音异音是从辅音音素中通过删除而派生出来的(/t/ → ∅)。根据形态分析,联络词是异形词:联络词有两个基本列出的异形词,一个辅音词尾异形词和一个缺少这个辅音的短异形词(例如,grand 'great' /gʁɑ̃t, gʁɑ̃/)。本文利用词汇统计的证据来对这两种分析进行仲裁。以往的研究发现,随着词汇频率的增加,不含联络辅音的形式(在语音分析中为带删除的形式)出现的可能性越来越小。本文表明,这对法语联络辅音的语音分析是有问题的,因为在不同语言中,删除辅音通常更频繁地出现在高频词中。论文利用大型词库的证据进一步表明,在控制了语音学和形态学对词频的影响后,涉及联络交替的词通常比非联络词的类型频率低,但标记频率高。这一结果符合词形分析的预测,因为异形词通常只涉及相对较少的频繁出现的词。由于其经验性质,这一论点是迄今为止支持词形分析的最有力论据之一。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

French liaison is allomorphy, not allophony: evidence from lexical statistics

French liaison is allomorphy, not allophony: evidence from lexical statistics

The exact nature of French liaison as a phonological or morphological alternation is still debated. Under the phonological analysis, liaison is allophony: liaison consonants are special phonemes that alternate between a consonant allophone and zero (e.g., [t] ∼ ∅), the zero allophone being derived from the consonant phoneme through deletion (/t/ → ∅). Under the morphological analysis, liaison is allomorphy: liaison words have two underlyingly listed allomorphs, a consonant-final allomorph and a shorter allomorph that lacks this consonant (e.g., grand ‘great’ /gʁɑ̃t, gʁɑ̃/). This paper uses evidence from lexical statistics to arbitrate between these two analyses. The form without liaison consonant (and with deletion, under the phonological analysis) has been found in previous research to become less likely with increasing lexical frequency. The paper shows that this is problematic for the phonological analysis of French liaison, as deletion typically applies more frequently in high-frequency words across languages. The paper further shows, using evidence from a large lexical database, that words involved in liaison alternations generally have lower type frequency but higher token frequency than non-liaison words when phonotactic and morphological effects on lexical frequency are controlled for. This result is in line with the predictions of the morphological analysis, as allomorphy typically involves a relatively small number of words that occur frequently. Due to its empirical nature, this argument constitutes to date one of the strongest arguments in favor of the morphological analysis.

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来源期刊
Morphology
Morphology LANGUAGE & LINGUISTICS-
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
期刊介绍: Aim The aim of Morphology is to publish high quality articles that contribute to the further articulation of morphological theory and linguistic theory in general, or present new and unexplored data. Relevant empirical evidence for the theoretical claims in the articles will be provided by in-depth analyses of specific languages or by comparative, cross-linguistic analyses of the relevant facts. The sources of data can be grammatical descriptions, corpora of data concerning language use and other naturalistic data, and experiments. Scope Morphology publishes articles on morphology proper, as well as articles on the interaction of morphology with phonology, syntax, and semantics, the acquisition and processing of morphological information, the nature of the mental lexicon, and morphological variation and change. Its main focus is on formal models of morphological knowledge, morphological typology (the range and limits of variation in natural languages), the position of morphology in the architecture of the human language faculty, and the evolution and change of language. In addition, the journal deals with the acquisition of morphological knowledge and its role in language processing. Articles on computational morphology and neurolinguistic approaches to morphology are also welcome. The first volume of Morphology appeared as Volume 16 (2006). Previous volumes were published under the title Yearbook of Morphology.
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