Parental Overprotection and Locus of Control as the Mechanisms Explaining the Relationship Between Parent and Child Anxiety: A Multiple Mediation Model

The study probes the role played by parenting control practices and parental locus of control in the relationship between parent and child anxiety. The study particularly aims at probing these matters in light of the parental gender-specific role, striving to improve our understanding of the differential etiological contribution of mothers’ and fathers’ anxiety and parental practices to child’s anxiety. The study consisted of 316 parents (159 mothers and 157 fathers) who reported their own and their child’s anxiety using valid instruments. The general path model used in the study exhibited an adequate fit to the data, generally confirming our theory regarding the direct and indirect associations between parent–child anxiety. Using SEM multiple group analysis for parental gender, a strong-direct unique association was found between parent and child anxiety. For mothers, this association was partially mediated by maternal overprotection. Finally, maternal external locus of control was positively associated with child anxiety, after accounting for the effects of all other maternal variables. The study’s findings and limitations are profoundly discussed in light of parental gender differences.