Migration and retention of human osteosarcoma cells in bioceramic graft with open channel architecture designed for bone tissue engineering.

The microstructure of a porous bioceramic bone graft, especially the pore architecture, plays a crucial role in the performance of the graft. Conventional bioceramic grafts typically feature a random, closed-pore structure, limiting biological activity to the periphery of the graft. This can lead to delay in full integration with the host site. Bioceramic forms with open through pores can perform better because their inner regions are accessible for natural bone remodelling. This study explores the influence of open through pores in a bioceramic graft on the migration and retention of the local cells in vitro, which will correlate to the rate of healing in vivo. Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic forms with aligned channels were fabricated using slip casting technique, employing sacrificial fibers. The sorption characteristics across the graft were evaluated using HOS cell line. Seven-day cultures showed viable cells within the channels, confirmed by live/dead assay, SEM analysis, and cytoskeletal staining, indicating successful cell colonization. The channel architecture effectively enhances cell migration and retention throughout its entire structure, suggesting potential applications in bone tissue engineering based on the results obtained.