Biomimetic mineralization: construction and biomedical applications of biohybrid materials

Biomineralization has a significant impact on natural evolution and can integrate inorganic minerals into living organisms. This is not only a biological strategy evolved during natural evolution but also a strategy prepared for the use of advanced biomaterials. Through biomimetic mineralized methods, researchers have developed multi-level ordered composites, which have excellent chemical and physical properties, controllable structures, and good biocompatibility. This article mainly introduces the principles of using biomimetic mineralization technology to prepare biohybrid materials in recent years, such as spontaneous mineralization, layer by layer self-assembly mineralization, “bridging” hybridization mineralization, regulating intracellular ion concentration mineralization, and genetic engineering. Then, we summarize the progress in biomedical applications such as active component protection, tumor treatment, hard tissue repair, and biological imaging. This provides a deeper understanding of the formation mechanism of nano-multilayer structures in biohybrid materials and the biological effects achieved by biomimetic mineralization. It also predicts future development prospects and problems for biohybrid materials.