Gerardo Pérez-Ordóñez, Alejandro Romo-Chacón, David Chávez-Flores, David R. Sepúlveda, Claudio Rios-Velasco, José de Jesús Ornelas-Paz, Carlos H. Acosta-Muñiz
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Tyramine as a possible virulence factor in Melissococcus plutonius
European foulbrood is one of the primary diseases in bee larvae (Apis mellifera). Its causal agent, Melissococcus plutonius, has been classified into three clonal complexes (CC12, CC3, and CC13), showing phenotypic variations among their virulence. The pathogenic mechanisms of the clonal complexes used to kill larvae are not fully understood. Tyramine, a monoamine used by some bacteria to adapt to stress conditions, could be a potential virulence factor of M. plutonius. Therefore, the ability of M. plutonius to produce tyramine was evaluated in this study using biochemical and genetic tools, in addition to the quantification of tyramine by HPLC in each clonal complex. CC12 showed high tyramine production and better adaptability to acidic environments than CC3 and CC13. Additionally, the toxicity of tyramine in bee larvae was evaluated by determining an LD50 of 0.172 mg/mL. These results show the influence that tyramine may have in the first steps of the pathogenicity process of M. plutonius, allowing it to better survive in acidic environments.
期刊介绍：
Apidologie is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to the biology of insects belonging to the superfamily Apoidea.
Its range of coverage includes behavior, ecology, pollination, genetics, physiology, systematics, toxicology and pathology. Also accepted are papers on the rearing, exploitation and practical use of Apoidea and their products, as far as they make a clear contribution to the understanding of bee biology.
Apidologie is an official publication of the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) and Deutscher Imkerbund E.V. (D.I.B.)
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