{"title":"多代理强化学习催化策略的出现","authors":"Samuel Tovey, Christoph Lohrmann, Christian Holm","doi":"10.1088/2632-2153/ad5f73","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Reinforcement learning (RL) is a flexible and efficient method for programming micro-robots in complex environments. Here we investigate whether RL can provide insights into biological systems when trained to perform chemotaxis. Namely, whether we can learn about how intelligent agents process given information in order to swim towards a target. We run simulations covering a range of agent shapes, sizes, and swim speeds to determine if the physical constraints on biological swimmers, namely Brownian motion, lead to regions where reinforcement learners’ training fails. We find that the RL agents can perform chemotaxis as soon as it is physically possible and, in some cases, even before the active swimming overpowers the stochastic environment. We study the efficiency of the emergent policy and identify convergence in agent size and swim speeds. Finally, we study the strategy adopted by the RL algorithm to explain how the agents perform their tasks. To this end, we identify three emerging dominant strategies and several rare approaches taken. These strategies, whilst producing almost identical trajectories in simulation, are distinct and give insight into the possible mechanisms behind which biological agents explore their environment and respond to changing conditions.","PeriodicalId":33757,"journal":{"name":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Emergence of chemotactic strategies with multi-agent reinforcement learning\",\"authors\":\"Samuel Tovey, Christoph Lohrmann, Christian Holm\",\"doi\":\"10.1088/2632-2153/ad5f73\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Reinforcement learning (RL) is a flexible and efficient method for programming micro-robots in complex environments. Here we investigate whether RL can provide insights into biological systems when trained to perform chemotaxis. Namely, whether we can learn about how intelligent agents process given information in order to swim towards a target. We run simulations covering a range of agent shapes, sizes, and swim speeds to determine if the physical constraints on biological swimmers, namely Brownian motion, lead to regions where reinforcement learners’ training fails. We find that the RL agents can perform chemotaxis as soon as it is physically possible and, in some cases, even before the active swimming overpowers the stochastic environment. We study the efficiency of the emergent policy and identify convergence in agent size and swim speeds. Finally, we study the strategy adopted by the RL algorithm to explain how the agents perform their tasks. To this end, we identify three emerging dominant strategies and several rare approaches taken. These strategies, whilst producing almost identical trajectories in simulation, are distinct and give insight into the possible mechanisms behind which biological agents explore their environment and respond to changing conditions.\",\"PeriodicalId\":33757,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Machine Learning Science and Technology\",\"volume\":\"97 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Machine Learning Science and Technology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad5f73\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Machine Learning Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ad5f73","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Emergence of chemotactic strategies with multi-agent reinforcement learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) is a flexible and efficient method for programming micro-robots in complex environments. Here we investigate whether RL can provide insights into biological systems when trained to perform chemotaxis. Namely, whether we can learn about how intelligent agents process given information in order to swim towards a target. We run simulations covering a range of agent shapes, sizes, and swim speeds to determine if the physical constraints on biological swimmers, namely Brownian motion, lead to regions where reinforcement learners’ training fails. We find that the RL agents can perform chemotaxis as soon as it is physically possible and, in some cases, even before the active swimming overpowers the stochastic environment. We study the efficiency of the emergent policy and identify convergence in agent size and swim speeds. Finally, we study the strategy adopted by the RL algorithm to explain how the agents perform their tasks. To this end, we identify three emerging dominant strategies and several rare approaches taken. These strategies, whilst producing almost identical trajectories in simulation, are distinct and give insight into the possible mechanisms behind which biological agents explore their environment and respond to changing conditions.
期刊介绍:
Machine Learning Science and Technology is a multidisciplinary open access journal that bridges the application of machine learning across the sciences with advances in machine learning methods and theory as motivated by physical insights. Specifically, articles must fall into one of the following categories: advance the state of machine learning-driven applications in the sciences or make conceptual, methodological or theoretical advances in machine learning with applications to, inspiration from, or motivated by scientific problems.