映射应届毕业生的职业。数字时代学术背景的作用

IF 1.9 3区 教育学 Q2 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Helena Corrales-Herrero, Beatriz Rodríguez-Prado
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引用次数: 0

摘要

机器人化和人工智能的逐步引入意味着经济和社会的变革。在本文中,我们研究了它们对西班牙应届毕业生职业的影响,并探讨了拥有不同技能的毕业生如何看待数字化时代对其职业的改变。为此,我们采用三步走的方法,首先根据数字化的变革和破坏性影响程度绘制职业图,并确定哪些群体受到的威胁最大。其次,我们根据与工人和工作要求相关的维度,如能力、技能和执行的任务,来描述技术职业群体的特征。最后,我们探讨了教育背景对属于每个群体的概率的影响。分析依赖于三个数据来源,其中最主要的是来自大学毕业生劳动力市场融入调查(EILU-2019)的微观数据,这些数据提供了有关学生在攻读学位期间和之后接受教育和培训的详尽信息。调查结果显示,在未来 10-20 年内,只有约 15%的毕业生所从事的工作很有可能被机器取代,但仍有相当数量的毕业生将面临影响技能要求的职业变化。从事这些职业的毕业生需要高度的灵活性,才能适应快速的变化而不被淘汰。此外,学生学术背景的某些特点--如研究领域或更正规的教育--也发挥着关键作用,并为减轻毕业生就业能力可能受到的干扰提供了一些建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Mapping the Occupations of Recent Graduates. The Role of Academic Background in the Digital Era

Mapping the Occupations of Recent Graduates. The Role of Academic Background in the Digital Era

The progressive robotisation and the introduction of artificial intelligence imply economic and social changes. In this paper, we investigate their impact on the occupations of recent Spanish graduates and examine how graduates with different skills can expect their occupations to be transformed by the digital era. To this end –using a three-step approach—we first map occupations in terms of the level of the transformative and destructive effects of digitalization, and determine which groups are most threatened. Second, we characterize the technological occupational groups according to dimensions related to worker and job requirements, such as abilities, skills and tasks performed. Finally, we explore the influence of educational background on the probability of belonging to each group. The analysis relies on three data sources—the main one being microdata from the Survey on Labour Market Insertion of University Graduates (EILU-2019)—which provide exhaustive information about students’ education and training during and after their degree. Results show that only about 15% of graduates hold jobs that have a high probability of being replaced by machines over the next 10–20 years, although a significant number will still face changes in their occupations that will affect skill requirements. Graduates working in these occupations will need a high level of flexibility if they are to adjust to rapid changes and not be displaced. Moreover, certain features of students’ academic background –such as the field of study or more formal education– play a key role and offer some tips to mitigate possible disruptions in graduate employability.

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来源期刊
Research in Higher Education
Research in Higher Education EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH-
CiteScore
4.40
自引率
9.50%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Research in Higher Education publishes studies that examine issues pertaining to postsecondary education. The journal is open to studies using a wide range of methods, but has particular interest in studies that apply advanced quantitative research methods to issues in postsecondary education or address postsecondary education policy issues. Among the topics of interest to the journal are: access and retention; student success; equity; faculty issues; institutional productivity and assessment; postsecondary education governance; curriculum and instruction; state and federal higher education policy; and financing of postsecondary education. The journal encourages submissions from scholars in disciplines outside of higher education, and studies from outside the United States that address issues that are of interest to the readership. The journal will on occasion publish short notes of a methodological nature, literature reviews of topics pertaining to postsecondary research, and “research and practice” studies illustrating how postsecondary research can inform decision making.
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