Maternal Complications After Laser Surgery for Twin‐to‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome, a Cohort Study

ObjectivesTo assess maternal complications after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for the twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).MethodsAll consecutive cases treated with FLS for TTTS between 2008 and 2021 at the Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) were included. We allocated complications in three timeframes: “Admission for laser surgery,” “pregnancy after laser,” and “delivery and third stage of labor.” Maternal complications were graded according to the Maternal and Fetal Adverse Event Terminology (MFAET) and for intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE).ResultsIn the study period, 637 mothers were treated for TTTS with FLS. There were 1559 occurrences of maternal complications. The rate of severe maternal complications (grade 3 or 4) was 8.0%. Severe complications consisted of six cases of severe intra‐abdominal hemorrhage, nine cases of severe hemorrhage in pregnancy, one with severe chorioamnionitis, 10 with severe preeclampsia/HELLP syndrome, and 25 with a severe postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionsEven though it is the gold standard for treating TTTS, FLS comes at a risk to the mother which should not be neglected. And even though not all complications have serious consequences to the mother, the severe maternal complication rate of 8.0% should be added to the inherent risks for the fetus, and should be discussed with patients eligible for surgery in order to make an informed decision on treatment options.