Improving the productivity and profitability of maize (Zea mays L.) using optimum blended inorganic fertilization

There is limited information on the best NPSB rate for maize production. Thus, the study aimed to determine the optimal NPSB fertilizer dose for maximizing maize yield and profitability. The nine treatments that included 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 NPSB kg ha−1 were tested using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that increasing NPSB application significantly influenced maize plant height, ear height, hundred-seed weight, aboveground biomass yield, and grain yield. Specifically, the application of 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB consistently produced the tallest plants, highest ear heights, heaviest hundred-seed weights, and maximum aboveground biomass and grain yields across both sites. Economic analysis revealed that the 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB earned the highest net benefits and marginal rates of return, indicating its economic viability for smallholder farmers. Beyond 150 kg ha⁻¹, further increases in NPSB did not enhance yield or economic returns significantly. These findings underscore the importance of balanced fertilization for maximizing maize productivity and profitability while ensuring efficient resource use and environmental sustainability. Implementing optimized fertilizer practices with 150 kg ha⁻¹ NPSB can empower farmers in the study area and similar agroecological zones to achieve sustainable maize production and economic success.